Real Christians Learn

Series: Authentic Living in an Artificial World – City Church of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 

Despite what you may have heard, ignorance is not bliss. The Old Testament prophet said, “My people are destroyed because of a lack of knowledge” (Hosea 4:6). This means that ignorance is not bliss. It is dangerous.
Jesus told us that we are to love God with our minds (Matthew 22:37). He also said that when we know the truth, the truth will set us free (John 8:32). Real Christians use their minds. Real Christians learn.

WHY LEARNING THE BIBLE IS IMPORTANT

The Bible brings purity to our lives.
Psalm 119:11, I have hidden your word in my heart that I might not sin against you.
Ephesians 5:25, Christ loved the Church and gave himself up for her to make her holy, cleansing her by the washing of water through the Word. The Bible gives us power for spiritual battles.
Ephesians 6:17, Take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the Word of God.
Hebrews 4:12, For the Word of God is living and active, sharper than any double-edged sword. The Bible causes us to live in peace.
Philippians 4:8-9, Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, Whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable – if anything is excellent or praiseworthy – think about such things, and the peace of God will be with you. The Bible gives us principles to live by.
Hebrews 5:14, But solid food is for the mature, who by constant use have trained themselves to
distinguish good from evil. The Bible prepares us to achieve our purpose in life.
2 Timothy 3:16-17, All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful…so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work. The Bible leads us to the Person of the Book.
John 5:39, You diligently study the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me.
Matthew 11:29, Take my yoke upon you and learn from me…and you will find rest for your souls.

HOW TO BECOME A PERSON OF THE BOOK

Receive instruction from teachers in the Church.
Ephesians 4:1112, And Jesus gave…some to be pastors and teachers to prepare God’s people for works of service. This is like “eating out.” Take advantage of Christian books and materials.
2 Timothy 4:13, When you come bring the…books, especially the parchments. This is like a “take out meal.” Read the Bible personally.
Psalm 119:16, I will not neglect your Word. This is like a “home-cooked meal.” A “recipe” for meaningful Bible reading…
1. Read regularly – Have a plan.
2. Read prayerfully – Ask God to meet you in his Word.
3. Read with repentantly – Read for transformation, not just information.
4. Read reflectively – The goal is not to get through the scriptures. It is to get the Scriptures in us.

Real Christians Linger

Series: Authentic Living in an Artificial World – City Church of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 

Again and again, we must admit that one of the biggest enemies of our spirituality is hurry. We are so busy, so distracted and so preoccupied that we settle for something less than the authentic Christian life. Real Christians, on the other hand, have learned the value of lingering, and this will be our topic of discussion today.

THE EPIDEMIC OF HURRY SICKNESS

Symptoms of the disease:
1. Constantly trying to speed up activities
2. Multiple tasking
3. Clutter
4. Superficiality
5. Inability to love
6. Sunset fatigue

DEVELOPING THE FOUR S’s OF A LINGERING HEART

1. Slowing
Luke 10:41, “Marta, Martha,” the Lord answered, “You are too worried and upset about many things.” We should cultivate patience by deliberately placing ourselves in situations where we simply have to wait.
2. Silence
Psalm 46:1, Be still and know that I am God.
Ecclesiastes 3:7, There is a time to speak and a time to be silent.
Silence is an unwelcome stranger for many of us, but is a discipline that we must learn.
3. Solitude
Mark 6:32, Then, because so many people were coming and going that they did not even have a chance to eat, he said the them, “Come with by yourselves to a quiet place and get some rest.”
4. Sabbath
Exodus 20:8, Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. The Sabbath is not a time of running away, but a time to get a proper perspective.

FIVE REMARKABLE RESULTS OF LINGERING

1. A new revelation of Christ
Hebrews 11:6, God is a reward of them who diligently seek him.
2. A compelling love and a calm contentment
Psalm 23:2, He causes me to live down in contentment in green pastures.
3. Faith becomes an integral force within my soul
Romans 10:17, So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the Word of God.
4. A gladness of heart
Psalm 16:11, In thy presences is fullness of joy; in thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore.
5. Rest and Peace
Matthew 11:28, Come to me, all of you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.

Real Christians Love

Series: Authentic Living in an Artificial World – City Church of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 

Today, we bring our study on authentic Christianity to a close. We have said that real Christians laugh…learn…lean…linger. Today, our focus will be “Real Christians love.” Jesus said that love is the highest calling we can pursue (Matthew 22:26-29and that the world would know that we are Christians by our love (John 13:35). Paul said that the greatest virtue is love (1 Corinthians 13:13). Becoming a real Christian means that we must become better at loving. Let’s see what the Bible says about this.

FALSE PRESSUMPTIONS ABOUT LOVE

Loving others is natural.
Within the human spirit, there is an evil root of corruption that contaminates our motives and actions. The Bible calls the corruption the flesh–sinful nature.
(Romans 7:18The Bible says that we need to learn to love. Love is primarily an emotion. The Bible says love is a command, and, therefore, it is an act of the will.

LOVE AS A CHOICE…LOVING BOLDLY

1 Corinthians 13:7,   It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Bold love requires sacrifice. 1 Corn 3:16, 18; This is how we know what love is:
Jesus laid down his life for us, and we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers…Dear children, let us not love with words or tongue, but with actions and in truth. Christian love flies in the face of our selfish culture. Bold love takes courage. It makes itself vulnerable. Bold love is optimistic. It hopes for and longs for the day of reconciliation. Bold love is committed without conditions. It has a “love in spite of” mentality.

DEVELOPING BOLD LOVE

1. Decide you will settle for nothing else.
1 Corinthians 12:31, But eagerly desire the greater gifts. And now I will show you the most excellent way.
2. Understand that bold love is a “God thing.”
Galatians 5:22, The fruit of the Spirit is love…
3. Be prepared for your commitment to bold love to be tested.
Luke 6:32, If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? Even ‘sinners’ love those who love them.
4. When you fail, don’t give up.

Sanctification – Being Wholly Holy

Series: Understanding the Big Words – City Church of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 

For the past several weeks, I have been speaking on the subject of “Understanding the Big Words.” We started out talking about predestination, and I told you God knew you before you knew Him. We talked about justification, that through the grace of God, you could be declared not guilty. We talked about regeneration through which God brings new life, and you can start again. Regeneration is the big word for the little phrase “being born again.”
You may recall that I told you in this series of sermons that every one of us inherited three consequences of sin from Adam. I also said that God has a work of grace for each one of the consequences of sin. One of those consequences is guilt. We all owe a debt that we cannot pay. We were born guilty. Justification is God’s answer to human guilt. In justification, through the death of Jesus Christ on the cross and by our faith in Him, we can be forgiven. Our spiritual death is addressed in regeneration. We can be born again.
Today, we come to look at a very special word – SANCTIFICATION. It is the work of God’s grace that addresses the moral depravity (sinful nature) that we inherited from Adam. Sanctification can be defined as… The work of God’s grace by which believers are made able to die more and more to sin and live an increasingly godly life. Through sanctification, a believer is made free from the bondage of sin, is enabled to live in complete devotion to Christ, and is empowered by the Holy Spirit to be holy. There is a divinely produced character change, freeing us from sinful habits, and forming within us Christ-like affections, dispositions, and virtues.
When you read that, doesn’t it sound like something you want? Do you say, “That’s the kind of person I want to be? I want to be a person who’s more like Jesus. I want to be a person who is more holy. I want to be a person who is free from sinful habits. I want to be a person who is able to die more and more to sin and live an increasingly godly life.” That is what sanctification is all about. I want you to understand something: God did not save you just to give you a fire escape from hell. You weren’t saved just so you wouldn’t go to hell. God saved you to bring you into the life of conformity to Jesus Christ. God saved you to make you into something special. He saved you to make you into a vessel of honor in His name.
In every Jewish home, there were two vessels. There was a vessel of honor, and you drank water from this vessel. But there was a vessel of dishonor, and that is where you threw all your garbage. Paul said that in the house, talking about in the church, some people are vessels of dishonor. They have got all kind of garbage on the inside of them. But God wants to take dishonorable vessels and make them honorable vessels–vessels that pour forth pure water so that others can drink of the overflow of the blessing of your life. God wants you to become a vessel of honor. That is what sanctification is all about. God wants to clean up the inside.
You were positionally sanctified when you decided to trust Christ and follow him. What I mean by that is the moment you were saved you, were sanctified by the fact that you were separated unto God. The Bible calls every Christian a saint. I’m Saint Mike. We are all saints. However, God says he doesn’t just want to just give us a position of sanctification; he wants to sanctify you wholly on the inside. 2 That aspect of sanctification is what I want to talk about today. Think of the story in the Bible when the children of Israel were brought out of Egypt. Coming out of Egypt symbolizes coming out of the bondage of sin, and it symbolizes being saved. Isn’t it interesting that it is called the “Red Sea?” That symbolizes the red blood of Jesus Christ. When we come through the red blood of Jesus Christ, we have crossed out of Egypt’s land and are no longer in the bondages of sin. That means we are saved.
But, God did not bring them out of Egypt to lead them around in the wilderness for forty years. It was never His plan for them to stay in the wilderness. They were supposed to go straight to the Promised Land. It didn’t take forty years to make that journey. But they chose to stay there by their own doing. They wouldn’t let God work in their life. Those who entered into Canaan were entering into the victorious life, and God wants every one of you who are in this building today to be a victorious Christian. That is God’s plan for every one of you. That’s the normal Christian life. That’s entering into the Promised Land.
Every one of you is in one of three places spiritually. You are either in Egypt, which means you are still not a believer in Jesus Christ. Or you are in the Promised Land, which means you are living in victory, and your life is conformed to Jesus Christ. Or you are in the wilderness. You’re not in Egypt. You’re saved, but your certainly not living an overcoming life. Every one of us is in one of those three places. Today, I want to talk to you about how to get into that land of Promise as we talk about sanctification.
You will notice that while I was in Japan, I had time to play with the computer a little bit. I drew people. Well, I kind of drew people.. I took a picture and imposed things on it. I want you to know, folks, it took three hours to figure out how to do this and you better like it! We are going to call this guy Joe. I could put any name on him. He could be any one of us. This is Joe as a Pre-Christian. This is Joe before he got saved. Notice what we see about Joe. That circle represents Joe’s soul. What you see is that his soul is in darkness – his soul is dead. All of us are born in this type of condition. You will notice right in the center of the darkness of his soul there is a sinful nature, which I symbolized with the skull and crossbones. It symbolizes death. The Bible says we are all born spiritually dead. This is how we look. We’ve got the frown on our face because we are born spiritually dead and the sinful nature is within us.
Here’s what Paul has to say about this in Romans 7:51825:
We were controlled by the sinful nature…Nothing good lives in my sinful nature. I desire to do what is good but I cannot carry it out…In my sinful nature, I am a slave to sin.
In Ephesians 2:1-3, Paul describes us:
You were dead in your sins…You followed the ways of the world…gratifying the cravings of your sinful nature. This is our Pre-Christian state. Before we make a commitment to Christ, the sinful nature is in control; it rules our lives;
there is spiritual darkness; there is no life; we can’t do anything pleasing to God. Jesus said, “Without me, ye can do nothing.” That is the condition we are in. Notice Joe accepts Jesus. He puts his faith in Christ and experiences regeneration. The Bible says in Ephesians 2:4,5:
God has made us alive with Christ.
I Peter 1:323 says:
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Praise be to God. In His great mercy He has given us new birth into a living hope…For you have been born again through the living and enduring Word of God.
Paul says in Romans 8:10If Christ is in you, your spirit is alive.
In Colossians 2:13, it says:
God made you alive with Christ. He forgave all your sins. Now that’s what happened to you when you put your trust in Jesus.
Notice, that which was dead is now alive. That which was in darkness is now in light. When the Holy Spirit brings Jesus Christ into your heart, represented by the cross, when you became a believer in Jesus Christ, He, by the Holy Spirit came to live in your life, brought life and light and you were born again. Old things passed away. All things became new. Your sins were wiped out. You were justified. You stood in the presence of God just as if you’d never sinned. All of a sudden, your eyes were opened to things you’d never seen before. Your ears understand things you never understood before. Why? Because life has come into you and you’ve been born again and you are a new creature in Christ Jesus. Am
If you look up at Joe, you notice the skull and crossbones are still there. In fact, it’s in the light now and you can see it very well. You become aware of that sinful nature that’s within you because when you got saved, that sinful nature didn’t leave. I don’t have to tell you that. You know that. You know every now and then that sinful nature is still there. You know you can still sin. You know you can still disobey God. You know you can do things God is not pleased with. What happened is that Christ came in but the sinful nature is still there. What often ensues after that is spiritual struggle. Paul said in Galatians 5:17:
For the sinful nature desires what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the sinful nature. They are in conflict with each other.
In Romans 7:2123, Paul is talking about his own experience. He says:
When I want to do good, evil is right there with me…I see another law within me, waging was against my mind, making me a prisoner to the law of sin. Now I’m talking about a Christian experience that we’ve all had. You know what it’s like, if you’re a Christian, to sense the battle going on inside of you. You know what it’s like to sense the Holy Spirit and the flesh fighting each other. That’s a spiritual struggle. In fact, it will not be long after you are born again that you will experience that spiritual struggle. You will experience the tug of war going on inside your soul. Paul said that the Spirit is in conflict with the sinful nature. It is a conflict, and there is a battle. Do you know why they are in conflict? They are in conflict to determine which one of them is going to rule, which one will be in control of your life – whether you are going to be controlled by the Spirit or by the flesh. There is a war going on inside of you.
Paul began to say there are two possible outcomes of this war. One of those is to be a defeated Christian – spiritual defeat. Do you know what that is? It’s when you live in the wilderness. That’s when you are a believer, you trust Jesus and you really do love the Lord, but yet, you are living a defeated life. Your life is in bondage to habits. Your life is in bondage to all types of sin. You are a Christian, but you are in bondage. That’s one of the most miserable places to be. 4
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In fact, I’m convinced it’s probably more miserable right there than it was when you were unsaved. Because when you weren’t saved, you didn’t give a rip. Now there’s a part of you that wants to do right, but the flesh is squeezing that desire to do right.
I’m so glad Paul put the seventh chapter of Romans in the Bible. Paul, this great man of God, Paul, this man who probably did more to advance Christianity than any other human being who ever lived, Paul, this man who was willing to suffer all kinds of persecution and all kinds of loss for Jesus Christ, Paul, this man who gave us the theology of justification and regeneration and the new birth and the book of Romans and Galatians and all of his writings, then talked about in Romans seven, his own personal
struggle. I am sure that Paul was talking about a struggle that had occurred in the past in his life. He was talking about a time
when he knew he was a follower of Jesus, but he knew that the sinful nature was dominating his life. Let’s hear what
Paul had to say in Romans 7:14-20:
Sin is my master…I really want to do what is right, but I don’t do it. Instead I do the very thing I hate…It is sin inside me that makes me do these evil things…The sin within me is doing it. There have been some who have wanted to interpret this passage from Paul as if Paul was talking about his preconversion state, that he wasn’t saved yet. I don’t believe that. Because, first of all he says, “I want to do what is good.”
He said, “With my mind, I serve the law of Christ, but in my flesh, the law of sin.” I want to tell you something: that is a Christian. That is a person who says, “I want to do what’s right.” He says, “There’s two laws within me warring against each other: the law of the Spirit of life and the law of death.”
But he’s talking about a time in his life where he was losing the battle, where the sin nature was dominating the Spirit. The Holy Spirit within him was being frustrated. Did you realize that the Holy Spirit inside of you can be frustrated? I know there are times in my life the Holy Spirit has been frustrated inside of me because of my actions. The Bible says the Holy Spirit inside of you can be grieved, that the Holy Spirit weeps inside of you over some of the things you are doing?
One of the ways you can grieve the Holy Spirit is when you entertain bitterness and anger in your heart against others. It says the Holy Spirit is grieved when you do this, which means that the sinful nature is in control (Ephesians 4:25-31).
The Holy Spirit can be frustrated. The Holy Spirit can be grieved. The Holy Spirit can be quenched, that means pushed down and pressed down by the flesh. So what you see here is a defeated Christian. This is a Christian who, when he dies, will go to heaven, but who is living a pretty miserable life right now because they haven’t totally surrendered everything to Jesus. The sanctifying work of God is not in his heart. He is losing the battle against the flesh.
Notice what else Paul said about this defeated condition. He was writing to the Corinthian church and said in I Corinthians 3:1:
But I, brethren, could not address you as spiritual men, but as men of the flesh. Now Paul was writing a letter to a church that was filled with strife. The Corinthian church was filled with arguing and strife. It was a horrible church. And he said he couldn’t even write them as spiritual men, but as men controlled by the sinful nature. Notice the picture. What is in control of our friend, Joe’s, life? It is the sinful nature that’s in control. When Paul wrote the people of Corinth, he called them brothers. He recognized them as Christians. He said, “I wrote to you BROTHERS, not as spiritual men…” You can be a spiritual Christian or a carnal Christian. A carnal Christian is one UN controlled by the flesh. The word carnal comes from the word carnivorous. Carnivorous is a flesh-eating animal. If you are a carnal Christian, it means the flesh is in control of your life.
Then Paul, in his own desperation, wrote this in Romans 7:24:
What a miserable person I am! Who will free me from this life dominated by sin?
He was a Christian when he wrote that. Have you ever met any miserable Christians? Have you ever been a miserable Christian? Are you at this moment a miserable Christian? We’ve all been there at some time in our life. “What a miserable person I am!” Then Paul says this: “Who will free me from this life dominated by sin?” What Paul has just described is a defeated Christian. It’s a Christian living in the wilderness. It is a Christian who is not spiritual, not where God wants them.
That brings me to the final picture. That’s the picture of sanctification. Sanctification is where God gets all after that skull and crossbones in your life. Sanctification is where the role is reversed. That sinful nature is still there. It won’t be removed ultimately until we are in Christ’s presence, glorified, then the sinful nature will be gone. In the meantime, we can have the victory over that sinful nature. This is what sanctification is all about. Toward the end of Romans chapter seven, when Paul asked this question,
“Who can free me from this life dominated by sin?” in the very next verse, he answered his own question. Verse 25 says,
Thank God! The answer is in Jesus Christ, our Lord.
He says, “I know who can deliver me. Jesus can!” I want you to understand this. Here is one of the struggles we have in the Christian life. We see part of our life under the control and dominion and power of sin. We know we are Christians, the power and sinful nature is on top, frustrating the Holy Spirit. Many of us think, “What I really need is to get into a support group. What I really need is to get into some sort of self-help thing.” We have a gazillion support groups here because we believe in the power of discipleship, and God wants that. I want you to understand something:
Sanctification is not just a discipleship program. Sanctification is not just an effort to do better. Sanctification is not just learning more scriptures. Sanctification is not just a case of trying to do better. Sanctification is a work of Jesus Christ by which He breaks the bondage of sin in your life and which, by His power, the Holy Spirit overcomes and it is a work of God, not a work of man.
It is what John Wesley experienced when he went into the Aldersgate Hall in England. John Wesley was a young man who wanted to serve God, but he was like Paul. He saw so much sin in his life and so many things in his life that weren’t going well. He went in and knelt and began to cry out to God at Aldersgate. He said, “I felt my heart strangely warm within me.” He said when he left that place, “I knew that how I came in was not ay I was leaving. I went in a Christian who was dominated by sin. But I walked out with the power of the Holy Spirit, and I knew I could live it. I knew I could walk in it.” And from there on, John Wesley began to talk about a sanctified life, a holy life.
You can live clean. You can live victorious. It doesn’t mean you’ll never sin, but it means you’re free to live right. Why? Because God has done a deep work in your heart. That’s what sanctified is. When I grew up in church, we used to give testimony, “Thank God, I’m saved, sanctified and filled with the Holy Ghost.” We didn’t know what it meant, but we hoped we had it.
It doesn’t mean you’ll never sin, that the sinful nature is gone. It means you’re free. It means now the flesh is being frustrated by the Holy Spirit. Now the flesh is being grieved by the Holy Spirit. Now the flesh is being quenched by the Holy Spirit. It happens when you surrender your heart to God, and there’s that moment when God says, “Now is the time,” and the Holy Spirit brings out the power that’s within you and the flesh is now being crucified. That’s what Paul meant when he said, “I am crucified with Christ, yet I live. Not I, but Christ lives within me” (Galatians 2:20). That’s what it means.
People will ask me, “Do you believe sanctification is an instantaneous thing or a progressive thing?” My answer to that is, “Yes!” I have been instantaneously sanctified several times. Let me explain what I mean by that. There have been times in my life–I’m sure, just like yours–where the flesh was in control and I hated what I was doing. I’d ask God to forgive me then do it again. I’d ask God to forgive me, and He did. But there came a point in crying out to God and seeking God that God instantaneously sanctified me. I knew when I got up from that time of prayer that issue would never be in control of my life again. It would never control me again. How did it happen? It happened by the grace of almighty God, by the power of the Holy Spirit. How did that happen? It happened by seeking God. There has been more than one time in my life that I have experienced that kind of sanctifying power, when God broke a chain of bondage in my life. I believe at that moment, I was instantaneously sanctified in that area of my life.
I also know there is the walking it out every day. It is not just a matter of trying to do better. It’s submitting yourself to God. Paul said in Galatians 5:16:
If we walk in the Spirit, we will not gratify the desires of the sinful nature.
That means when I walk away from it that time, I know that I know that it has been broken in my life. Here’s what I believe. I believe that when you are born again, instantaneously the Spirit of God comes into your life. You receive Jesus by faith, and the Holy Spirit comes in. But I believe this sanctification thing, many times, is a wrestling match between you and God because your sinful nature is strong. That’s why sanctification, many times, is spending time in prayer with God.
I tell people when Jesus Christ comes into your heart, it’s like the Marines have landed at the beach. The flesh is firing because it doesn’t want God to be in control. But the King of Kings and His forces have arrived on the beach. But Jesus is not satisfied staying on the beach. The purpose of landing on the beach was not to stay on the beach. The purpose was to reach the control center of the enemy and to fight into the control center.
Sanctification is you seeking God and, by the Spirit, He is moving into the control center of your life until He captures it and, as the scripture says, “brings everything into obedience” (2 Corinthians 10:1-6). We pull down every stronghold, every area of flesh, every area of spirit domination, and we pull it down and bring it under the control of Jesus Christ. We don’t do it, but He does it.
Coming to that point in a sanctified life, many times, is a wrestling of the Spirit of God within you. That’s what Paul was talking about. There is a fight going on inside. Here’s what many of us do. We get tired of the fight and give up. We decide to live as a defeated Christian. We never experience that breakthrough of sanctification by which God will sanctify and cleanse you. God wants you to have a breakthrough of sanctification by which, when you leave that time of prayer, you know that you know you are not the same person who walked through that door when you came in. That is what sanctification is. It is the cleansing, the freedom to walk free. That’s why Paul said in I Thessalonians 5:23:
May the God of peace sanctify you entirely; and may your spirit, soul and body be preserved complete, without blame, at the
coming of our Lord. I heard a story one time of a little lady who went to a small church. Every service, she would kneel at the altar and have her prayer time. But there was always a man kneeling there next to her, having his prayer time, and she couldn’t help but hear what he prayed about every now and then. She noticed he would pray a common prayer. He would say, “Oh, God, would you take your heavenly broom and sweep these spider webs from my soul.” Next week, he would kneel and say the same prayer, “Oh, God, would you take your heavenly broom and sweep these spider webs from my soul.” 7
Sunday after Sunday, he would say, “Oh, God, would you take your heavenly broom and sweep these spider webs from my soul.” Finally, the little lady couldn’t take it anymore. She leaned over and whispered, “Why don’t you tell God to take the broom and kill the spider?” That’s what sanctification is: when God takes the broom and swats the spider. You see, many of us live defeated lives.
Every week we come and say, “Oh, God, here I am. I blew it again. I sinned again.” God is gracious and merciful and will forgive you. But that’s not how God wants you to live. God doesn’t want you to live from one defeat to the next defeat. The Bible says, “With unveiled faces we behold Him and we are changed from glory to glory, from grace to grace, from faith to faith.” That’s how God wants you to live. You saw the pictures of Joe up here. If we took Joe’s name off, which one of the pictures would you put your name on? Are you the first Joe – you’ve never really become a Christian? Let me ask you a question. Do you know one of the sure
ways you can know if you are a Christian? Do you remember when you weren’t a Christian? Only a Christian can remember when he wasn’t a Christian.
Some of you may have been like me and got saved when you were very young, and I remember when it was. But I’m saying, do you remember when you weren’t a Christian? If you can’t remember that, chances are, you’re probably not a Christian now. Christianity is not something that you kind of ooze into. You can’t just say, “Well, I guess I’m a Christian.” You’re not a Christian just because you were born in Chattanooga. You are a Christian because there was a point in your life when you moved from darkness into light, from death to life. My question to you, is the first picture a picture of you? Maybe you are one who says, “I’m a Christian, but there is a spiritual struggle going on inside of me. In fact, that picture where it showed the sinful nature dominating is me. I’m living a defeated life. I know I’m saved because I want to do right, but I’m living defeated.” Is that you?
God says you don’t have to keep living that way. He offers you the freedom of sanctification. There will be some wrestling going on inside of you as the Holy Spirit works, but there’s a point where that picture can be reversed, where the Holy Spirit is on top, where the flesh is being frustrated. That’s how God wants you to live.

The Hindu Faith – Part 1

Series: Jesus Among Other Gods – City Church of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN

Today we begin a study of what some may call “Comparative Religions.” However, it is our goal to
not to just be academic, but also spiritual and developmental. Here is where we will go:
Session One: Introduction Mike Chapman
Session Two: The Baha’i Faith (1) Phyllis Horsman
Session Three: The Baha’i Faith (2) Phyllis Horsman
Session Four: The Buddhist Faith (1) Bryan Cook
Session Five: The Buddhist Faith (2) Bryan Cook
Session Six: The Hindu Faith (1) Jimmy Catlett
Session Seven: The Hindu Faith (2) Jimmy Catlett
Session Eight: The Islamic Faith (1) Mike Chapman
Session Nine: The Islamic Faith (2) Mike Chapman

ARE ALL RELIGIONS ESSENTIALLY THE SAME?

The answer is yes and no.
All religions are similar in that the y seek to answer basic metaphysical questions.
However, they are different in the answers that are proposed.
The four fundamental questions of life:
The question of origin: WHERE DID I COME FROM?
The question of meaning: WHY AM I HERE?
The question of morality: HOW SHOULD I LIVE?
The question of destiny: WHERE AM I GOING?
MAN’S QUEST FOR THE HEALING OF “SOUL SORROW”
Soul sorrow is the common malady of the human race
It is directly associated with the reality and fear of death.
Three ingredients for the Cure of Soul Sorrow
1. Hope of personal immortality.
2. A rational view of the universe
3. An answer to the question, “What is truth?”

WHAT ABOUT PLURALISM AND ABSOLUTISM?

Pluralism is the view that there is no one truth. 2
Truth is different for every person.
Belief systems are constructed by cultural, serving the purposes of the society from which they emerge.
Reality is created by the people.
Tolerance is the highest virtue, and intolerance is the cardinal sin.
A belief system is simply like a “spiritual cuisine.”
Absolutism is the view that there is there is one truth.
There is an overarching explanation of reality based on central organizing truths.”
There is a big story that makes sense out of life, history and the universe.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

 At the core of the Christian faith is “The Gospel.” What is the Gospel?

Q2:

Would you describe Christianity as a religion of absolute truth or of relative truth? Why?

Q3:

 Is it possible to be both a believer in absolute truth and tolerant of other religious views at the same time?

It is directly associated with the reality and fear of death. 3
Jesus Among Other Gods
Bahá’i – Session One
Phyllis Horsman

HISTORICAL ROOTS OF BAHÁ’I

Bahá’i is an outgrowth of a religious movement known as Bábism. Bábism stemmed from the Twelver Shia’ite sect of Islam, which holds that the 12th of a series of great imams (spiritual teachers) vanished from sight but is still alive and will return to institute an era of justice and peace. Followers of Bahá’u’lláh are called Bahá’is.
v 1819: The Siyyad Ali-Muhhamad born in Shiraz, Iran—later proclaimed himself the Báb (the Gate)
v 1844: The Báb proclaimed himself the 12th Imam. His followers were known as Bábists.
v 1863: Following the Báb’s death in 1850, Bahá’u’lláh proclaimed himself the Promised One of whom the Báb prophesied.
v 1892: Bahá’u’lláh died in exile in Palestine, and his son Abdu’l-Bahá succeeded him.
v 1894: Bahá’i became a missionizing religion and had its first Western converts.
v 1974: 5-year missionary plan increased size by 40%
v 1990’s: 6,000,000 members in over 205 countries, its books in many languages. The headquarters of Bahá’i is currently in Haifa, Israel, near the graves of Bahá’u’lláh and the Báb. Its most important community is in Iran. National headquarters in the U. S. is near Chicago.

MAIN TENETS OF BAHÁ’I

v There is only one religion, the religion of God.
v All the great religions of the world are divine in origin.
v All Divine Religions (through their Nine Prophets) teach the same truth, which is not absolute, but relative.
v There is one God known by many names.
v Man is basically good and not a product of original sin.
v The doctrines of resurrection, judgment, Heaven and Hell should not be taken literally.
v Religion and science must agree, else one of them is wrong.
v Bahá’is stress world peace, unity of nations and language, education and sexual equality. 4

THE SACRED BOOKS OF BAHÁ’I

v The revelations of Bahá’u’lláh (over 100 books) supersede the sacred books of the major religions, yet these other religions’ books are revered as part of the progressively revealed truth of God.
v Bahá’u’lláh was greatly influenced by the Bible and quoted the New Testament extensively in his writings.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

Can one be both Christian and a Bahái? Why?

Q2:

 Is the God of the Bahá’i different from the God of the Christian? How?

Q3:

 Is the following statement from the Bible or a book of Bahá’i? Give a reason(s) for your answer.

“Bear thou witness that ve rily He is God and there is no God but Him, the King, the Protector; the Incomparable, the Omnipotent.” 5
Jesus Among Other Gods
Bahá’i – Session Two
Phyllis Horsman
God’s purpose in sending his Prophets is twofold. The first is to liberate the children of men from the darkness of ignorance and guide them to the light of true understanding. The second is to ensure the peace and tranquility of mankind.

GOD AND HUMANITY (WHO AM I?)

v Human beings are made in the image of God. The ability to reflect the attributes and spirit of God is the soul’s essential reality.
v Divine qualities are latent in the soul, just as the color, fragrance and vitality of a flower are latent within the seed.
v The immortal souls of ordinary people come into being at the moment of conception. The soul animates the body and distinguishes humans from animals.

THE PURPOSE OF LIFE (WHY AM I HERE?)

v The role of religion is to enable people to achieve a true understanding of their own nature and of God’s will and purpose for them.
v The cultivation of life’s spiritual side enables a person to develop those innate qualities that lie at the foundation of human happiness and social progress, including faith, courage, love, compassion, trustworthiness and humility. As these grow, society advances.
v Humans were created to carry forward an ever-advancing civilization, a unity of humankind.
v Life is an eternal process of joyous spiritual discovery and growth. The soul develops through the individual’s relationship with God and is fostered through prayer, meditation, worship, knowledge of the scriptures revealed by the Prophets, love for God, moral self-discipline and service to humanity. This is what gives meaning to life.

ON GOOD AND EVIL (IS THERE A CONFLICT?)

v There is no hierarchy of demons, angels and archangels; these terms are symbolic of varying stages of human development.
v Whatever promotes our spiritual development is good, and whatever hinders it is bad.

IMMORTALITY (WHERE AM I GOING?)

v After physical death, one’s everlasting soul lives on, embarking on a spiritual journey toward God through many “worlds” or planes of existence.
v Progress on this journey is likened to “heaven.” Failure to develop keeps one distant from God, this distance being “hell.” 6

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

How would you explain to a Bahá’i why Jesus is the only way to God?

Q2:

How would you describe the God of the Christian to a Bahá’i?

Q3:

How would you explain the problem of “sin” to a Bahá’i? 7

Jesus Among Other Gods
Buddhism Part 1
Bryan Cook

INTRODUCTION

Buddhism, founded in northeastern India and based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha, or enlightened one, currently is the world’s 4th largest religion boasting somewhere upwards of 315,000,000 believers worldwide. Of this number of believers ~ 313,000,000 are in Asia … and ~ 560,000 are in North America. This total number represents nearly 6% of the world’s population.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Ø 563 B.C. – Siddhartha Gautama born in India to a rich ruling father named Suddhodana and mother named Maya. He was born under the Kshatriya caste system. A seer gave a prophecy to his parents he would help mankind “find” salvation.
Ø 547 B.C. – At age 16, he married Yasodharma who bore Rahula, their son
Ø 534 B.C. – At 29, various sights of suffering –sickness, old age, death and poverty with bliss affect Siddharta. He renounces the throne to discover the reason for the suffering.
Ø 528 B.C. – After six years of searching through the teachings of Hinduism and then ascetism of the monks, he attained Nirvana after sitting under a Bohdi tree in the city of Bodh Gaya for an extended period of time (49 days???)
Ø 483 B.C. – Siddhartha dies at age 80 probably as a result of food poisoning. His last reported words were, “Be ye lamps unto yourselves. Betake yourselves to no external refuge. Hold fast as a refuge to truth. Look not for refuge to anyone besides yourselves. Behold now, brethren, I exhort you saying: Decay is inherent in all component things! Work out your
salvation with diligence.”

EARLY DEVELOPMENT

The death of Siddhartha resulted in no successive leader, as he would not appoint one. Over the next three centuries “Four Major Counsels” shaped the belief system and wrote the beliefs down at least 200-300 hundred years post his death. Out of this struggle, 18 substantially different sects originate with only one of the original 18 remaining today. Today, there are two
main branches of Buddhism: Theravada (the way of the elders) and Mahayana (the Great Vehicle). Although, these two branches share a common founder, the divide in beliefs is vast.

MAIN TENETS OF BUDDHISM

Four Noble Truths
1) Dukkha – Life is suffering.
2) Samudaya – All suffering is caused by ignorance of the nature of reality and the craving, attachment and grasping that result from such ignorance.
3) Nirodha – Suffering can be ended by overcoming ignorance and attachment.
4) Magga – the path leading to the cessation of dukkha – this occurs through the Noble Eightfold Path: right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and concentration. These eight are usually divided into three categories that form the cornerstone of the Buddhist faith: morality, wisdom and samadhi (concentration).
Anatman – denial of a permanent soul looking at human existence in five bundles (shandhas): the material, body, feelings, perceptions, predispositions or karmic tendencies and consciousness.
Kharma – consists of a person’s acts and their ethical consequences. Human actions lead to rebirth wherein good deeds are rewarded and evil deeds punished. Thus, there is no unwarranted pleasure or suffering, but rather a universal justice.
Nirvana – the ultimate goal … release from the round of phenomenal existence with it’s inherent suffering; in other words, an enlightened state in which the fires of greed, hatred and ignorance have been quenched.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

How does Buddhism answer the four qualifying questions consistent with all religions referenced in week #1?

Q2:

Compare the “last words” of Jesus Christ (Matt 28:18-20) to the “last words” of the Buddha – how do they differ? Who is the point of reliance?

Q3:

 Recognizing the tenets of Buddhism, how do you think most Buddhists would view Christianity and the tenets of the Christian faith? 9

Jesus Among Other Gods
Buddhism – Part 2
Bryan Cook

THERAVADA vs. MAHAYANA

How they view man Individual Not alone
(must help self) (others can help)
How they view God Atheistic Polytheistic
How they view Buddha saint Savior
(only one) (but there have been many manifestations)
How they view religion full time job (MONK!) relevant to life (for all)
What is the key virtue wisdom compassion
Striving to become Arhat Bodhisattva
Which scriptures Tripitaka – main ones Hundreds of books
Ritual is to … Avoid Embrace
Solution to life to cease all desire Awareness of Buddha in order to realize the nature within non-existence of self
Means to get there Self-reliance Self-reliance
Persuasion Conservative Liberal
BRANCHES OF MAHAYANA
Ø Pure Land Buddhism – largest sect in Japan
Ø Zen Buddhism – “meditation” driven
Ø Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism – 13th century – allows for some materialism – largest sect in the US (Tina Turner)
Ø Tantra Buddhism – may be truly defined as its own branch
Ø Folk Buddhism —

COMPARING & CONTRASTING 5 KEY ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIANITY AND BUDDHISM

1. Human Suffering
2. Soul
3. “Emptiness”
4. Salvation
5. God

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

After studying Buddhism, would you characterize it as an optimistic, pessimistic or realistic religion? Why?

Q2:

Is it possible to be a Buddhist Christian? A Christian Buddhist? Why or why not?

Q3:

 How would you share Jesus Christ with a Buddhist friend?

Jesus Among Other Gods
Hinduism—Part 1
Jimmy Catlett

Demographics

Ø ~800 million; 13% of the world; 88 countries; ~1-1.2 million in USA; 3rd most widely followed religion in the world.
Ø Only major religion of the world that can neither be traced to a specific founder nor has a holy book as the one and only scriptural authority.
Ø USA arguably more impacted by Hinduism in the last century than any other eastern religion:
Vedanta Society, ISKCON, Theosophy, the Divine Light Mission, Rajneeshism, Transcendental Meditation, New Age Movement.

“Historical” Background

Inception ~3000-1500 BC; 4 main stages:
1. Tribes in Indus Valley practiced animism.
2. Tribes conquered by armies from central Asia who introduced polytheistic Vedic religion; 5- level caste system.
3. Rebellion against the caste system. Development of the Upanishads; philosophical writings, which focused on one single principle to tie all reality together (karma, dharma, transmigration/reincarnation, samsara, moksha, Brahman).
4. Revival of Vedantic Literature. Old theology and new theology mixed.
Ø Formation of the Trimutri: 3 major gods take prominence over lesser deities:
· Brahma (creator)
· Vishnu (preserver); has the most followers; Sri Krishna (incarna ted Vishnu) has become the main deity of Hinduism.
· Shiva (destroyer)
Ø Bhagavad-Gita: Portion of larger work called Mahabharata. Most revered book in Hinduism.

Basic Beliefs

Hinduism encapsulated: Atman achieves Moksha by breaking free of Samsara, detaching from Maya, and uniting with Brahman.
Some unifying beliefs but no universally binding doctrines. One of most inclusive of all religions.

About God…

Brahman is Ultimate Reality; an impersonal force beyond distinction; undifferentiated, matterless, omnipresent, objective oneness; the Universal Soul; the All. Deities are physical manifestations of Brahman. All paths lead to Brahman.

About Life…

Life and individuality are illusion (Maya). There is a ‘beyond within’ the individual (Atman) that seeks union with Brahman.
Life is a hierarchy; time is a cycle (samsara). Actions determine position in the hierarchy (karma). Good karma is gained by adhering to yogas (disciplines, “ways”), categorized mainly as knowledge, works, and devotion. One’s karma, good or bad, is inevitable, inescapable,
unforgivable.

About Destiny…

The aim of life is enlightenment/deliverance from the illusionary/finite realm (moksha); Expansion of being and consciousness to the realization that atman is one with Brahman. Accomplished by passing ever higher through the hierarchy until one breaks through the wheel of life/death/reincarnation.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

Christianity is often described as monotheistic (only 1 God). How would you describe Hinduism?

Q2:

What does the Hindu think of time, specifically his/her time on Earth? What might the Hindu think of the urgency Christians ascribe to time?

Q3:

Develop as clearly as you can what would be the picture of “salvation” to the Hindu mind?

Q4:

Why might a Hindu try to ease a nother’s suffering? Why might he/she not?:

Homework
1. To enhance your perspective, study the Biblical timeline back to the beginnings of Hinduism. What is happening in Judeo-Christian history around this time?
2. In preparation for next week, ponder the differences, as well as the common ground you see in Hinduism and Christianity.
Glossary of Hinduism
Atman: the soul or self: innermost reality of a person.
Avatar: descent of a deity from heaven; one of the many incarnations of God.
Bhagavad Gita: most popular holy book; story of Krishna and the warrior, Arjuna.
Bhakti Marga: the path of devotion; attachment and devotion to a personal god.
Brahman: universal soul; ultimate divine; absolute reality comprehended objectively.
Caste: system of social classes in India; 5 major castes with many subdivisions.
Dharma: divine law governing the proper works of justice, righteousness, and morality for each person’s station in life.
Guru: a teacher of religion; a spiritual guide.
Jnana Marga: the path of knowledge; insight into the mysteries of life, intuitive awareness, gained by study of the ancient writings and inward meditation. 13
Karma: law of retributive justice; fruit of actions; the balancing between good and bad actions within an individual soul.
Karma Marga: the path of works; faithful adherence to dharma or duty in life.
Mantra: a sacred word or sound for meditation, representing one of Hindu’s many gods.
Maya: illusion of the physical world that must be overcome in order to reach Brahman.
Moksha: enlightenment; liberation from maya and samsara to unite with Brahman.
Reincarnation: Hindu belief of endless rebirth until one overcomes maya into moksha.
Samsara: wheel of life through cyclical reincarnation until the soul gains moksha.
Trimutri: 3- in-one God, represented as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
Upanishads: ancient philosophical and theological holy books that synthesized the Vedas.
Vedas: ancient holy writings of hymns and prayers; means wisdom or knowledge.
Yoga: discipline of mind, soul, and body used for transcending this world of illusion; means yolk or union. 14

Jesus Among Other Gods
Hinduism (2)
Jimmy Catlett

Jesus and Hinduism—the Common Ground

Ø All is not right with the world and with human existence in it.
Ø The ultimate remedy to the human dilemma is spiritual in nature.
Ø Mankind is imbued with an innate desire for immortality.
Ø Immortality involves liberation or release from the limitations that press upon his/her existence (e.g., illness, tiredness, ignorance, discouragement, old age and death).
Ø The great object of life is to find union with God.

Jesus and Hinduism—the Contrasts

The obvious ones…
1. Monotheistic vs. pantheistic.
2. One way vs. many ways.
3. Depravity vs. ignorance.
4. Grace vs. effort.
5. Linear time vs. cyclical time.

The not so obvious ones…
1. Public revelation vs. private mystical experience.
2. Will vs. consciousness.

Jesus and Hinduism—the Challenge Concern about Hinduism

Due to its eclectic nature, Hinduism has potential for uniting much of the non-Christian religious world. It easily meshes with:
Ø Modern natural science: emphasizes spiritual evolution.
Ø Modern psychology: emphasizes mankind’s essential divinity, consistent with basic goodness and unlimited potential of human nature.
Ø Modern philosophy: emphasizes broad tolerance of seemingly contradictory beliefs, consistent with the relativity of all truth claims.
Ø Spiritual seekers: emphasizes the primacy of spiritual over material reality, appealing to those disillusioned with strictly material pursuits.

Concern for the Hindu

1. Pray. Praying is fundamental. You cannot convert another. They are drawn by the Spirit.
2. Love. Acts o f inconvenient love not only commanded by God but curious to the Hindu.
3. Invest. First relate, then differentiate. Build a friendship before exploring deep differences. Read, ask questions, share, hang out. Then discuss the evidence.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

What should be the Christian’s position on trying to make the world a better place? What is the Hindu position? Explain your answers.

Q2:

Why are salvation and divine judgment foreign concepts to a pantheistic belief system like Hinduism? If pantheism is true, what follows?

Q3:

Say you’re ready to discuss the evidences of your respective beliefs with a Hindu friend. Where do you start and why?

Q4:

Bonus Question: Is it wrong for me to take a yoga class? Why or why not?

Glossary of Hinduism
Atman: the soul or self: innermost reality of a person.
Avatar: descent of a deity from heaven; one of the many incarnations of God.
Bhagavad Gita: most popular holy book; story of Krishna and the warrior, Arjuna.
Bhakti Marga: the path of devotion; attachment and devotion to a personal god.
Brahman: universal soul; ultimate divine; absolute reality comprehended objectively.
Caste: system of social classes in India; 5 major castes with many subdivisions.
Dharma: divine law governing the proper works of justice, righteousness, and morality for each person’s station in life.
Guru: a teacher of religion; a spiritual guide. 16
Jnana Marga: the path of knowledge; insight into the mysteries of life, intuitive awareness, gained by study of the ancient writings and inward meditation.
Karma: law of retributive justice; fruit of actions; the balancing between good and bad actions within an individual soul.
Karma Marga: the path of works; faithful adherence to dharma or duty in life.
Mantra: a sacred word or sound for meditation, representing one of Hindu’s many gods.
Maya: illusion of the physical world that must be overcome in order to reach Brahman.
Moksha: enlightenment; liberation from maya and samsara to unite with Brahman.
Reincarnation: Hindu belief of endless rebirth until one overcomes maya into moksha.
Samsara: wheel of life through cyclical reincarnation until the soul gains moksha.
Trimutri: 3- in-one God, represented as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
Upanishads: ancient philosophical and theological holy books that synthesized the Vedas.
Vedas: ancient holy writings of hymns and prayers; means wisdom or knowledge.
Yoga: discipline of mind, soul, and body used for transcending this world of illusion; means yolk or union. 17

Jesus Among Other Gods
Islam (Part 1)
Mike Chapman

Today we begin our look at the Islamic Faith. It is a religion that is shared by an estimated 750 million to 1 billion followers. It is geographically concentrated in an area that spans from the Atlantic across North Africa, the Middle East, Southern and Central Asia to the Pacific Ocean (the co-called “Ten Forty Window”).
The word Islam means “submission” and “Muslim” means “one who has surrendered.”

THE ORIGIN OF ISLAM

The Life of Muhammad (P.B.U.H)
Born in 570 AD in Mecca, Arabia (orphaned and raised by his uncle, Abu Talib) At 25, he married his employed (Khadijah), quit working and spent his time meditating and reflecting on life.
In 610 AD (40 years old), he began to receive frightening revelations accompanied by seizures. These revelations continued for 22 years until his death in 632 AD. Persecution caused him and his followers to flee to Medina in 622 AD (the official date of the founding of Islam as a religion). He and his followers fought their way back to Mecca in 630 AD.
Mohammed dies in 632 AD
Three Primary Sects of Islam Today
Sunnis make up about 90% of all Muslims
Shi ites make up about 10% of the Muslim faith.
Sufis are a very small minority who tend to be independent, mystical Muslims.
America’s Nation of Islam is a strange mixture of Islam and political activism that cannot be considered a pure Islamic religion.

SOURCE OF ISLAMIC TEACHING

The Koran (Quran) means “recitations” of Mohammed’s visions. It consists of 114 chapters.
The Hadith is a collection of early Muslim traditions which record the words and deeds of Mohammed according to his wives, friends and Muslim leaders. 18
Islam accepts Genesis 1-16 as divine revelation, but focus on the line of Ishmael not Isaac.

THE FIVE DOCTRINES OF ISLAM

1. Allah is the one true God.
Connection with the Moon God of pre-Muslim Arabia He is all-powerful but unknowable, unfeeling. He never comes personally to any human. He hates sinners.
2. Allah has many prophets, including Moses and Jesus, but Mohammed is the last and the greatest.
3. The Koran is the supreme religious book.
4. There are many intermediaries (spirit beings called jinns) between God and man. Some are good and some are evil.
5. Each man’s deeds will determine if he goes to hell or heaven.
Heaven is a place of sensual gratification for men.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

 How does the Bible differ from the Koran in its origin and what difference does this make?

Q2:

Contrast the Christian view of eternal life with the Islamic view of heaven.

Q3:

Why is there a problem with saying that Moses, Jesus and Mohammed are all prophets of God.
19

Jesus Among Other Gods
Islam (Part 2)
Mike Chapman
We will continue our look at Islam. In this session, we will look at a comparison between the life of Jesus and the life of Mohammed. We will also look at the Islamic way of salvation and the Christian way of salvation.

Review of last session
Islam means “submission.”
Koran is the recorded “recitations” of Mohammed’s visions. The official date of the fo unding of Islam is 622 AD. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was born in 570 AD and dies in 632 AD

Five Doctrines of Islam:

1. Allah is the one true God.
2. Allah has many prophets, including Moses and Jesus, but Mohammed is the last and the greatest.
3. The Koran is the supreme religious book.
4. There are many intermediaries (spirit beings called jinns) between God and man. Some are good and some are evil.
5. Each man’s deeds will determine if he goes to hell or heaven.

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM (WAY OF SALVATION

Repetition of the Shahadah (“There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet.”) several times a day
Prayers facing Mecca, 5 times a day. (Salat)
Almsgiving (Zakat)
A month of fasting (Ramadan)–daylight only (Sawn)
A pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime (Hajj)
Death in a Jihad (holy war) is the any exception to the five pillars of Islam.

COMPARING THE JESUS WITH MUHAMMAD

Plan of salvation
The God of the Bible reaches out to man.
Islam offers no hope of salvation, only guidelines for Allah’s favor. 20
Mohammed performed no miracles and made no future prophecies. Jesus did both.
Lifestyle
The last 10 years of Mohammed’s life were at war. Jesus was a man of peace.
Mohammed was a polygamist, exceeding the number (4) he prescribed for Muslims. Jesus taught against polygamy, adultery, and coveting another man’s wife.
He had at least 12 wives (some list as many as 16)
He had a personal harem of another six women.
Mohammed plundered caravans and Jewish settlements to build the treasury of Medina. Jesus’ life was so pure that even his enemies said, “I find no fault in him.”

SHARING YOUR FAITH WITH A MUSLIM

1. Be a friend.
2. Pray for your Muslim friend
3. Invite them to your home.
4. Be sensitive to their cultural values.
5. Understand their basic beliefs.
6. Listen and seek to understand.
7. Welcome open and honest discussion of your different religions.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

 Is Christianity a trans-cultural religion? In what way? What difference does it make if it is or not?

Q2:

Why would you assume that the Islamic faith is so anti-Semitic and anti-Christian?

Q3:

 What would be the best way to evangelize a “closed” Islamic country?

The Hindu Faith – Part 2

Series: Jesus Among Other Gods – City Church of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN

Today we begin a study of what some may call “Comparative Religions.” However, it is our goal to
not to just be academic, but also spiritual and developmental. Here is where we will go:
Session One: Introduction Mike Chapman
Session Two: The Baha’i Faith (1) Phyllis Horsman
Session Three: The Baha’i Faith (2) Phyllis Horsman
Session Four: The Buddhist Faith (1) Bryan Cook
Session Five: The Buddhist Faith (2) Bryan Cook
Session Six: The Hindu Faith (1) Jimmy Catlett
Session Seven: The Hindu Faith (2) Jimmy Catlett
Session Eight: The Islamic Faith (1) Mike Chapman
Session Nine: The Islamic Faith (2) Mike Chapman

ARE ALL RELIGIONS ESSENTIALLY THE SAME?

The answer is yes and no.
All religions are similar in that the y seek to answer basic metaphysical questions.
However, they are different in the answers that are proposed.
The four fundamental questions of life:
The question of origin: WHERE DID I COME FROM?
The question of meaning: WHY AM I HERE?
The question of morality: HOW SHOULD I LIVE?
The question of destiny: WHERE AM I GOING?
MAN’S QUEST FOR THE HEALING OF “SOUL SORROW”
Soul sorrow is the common malady of the human race
It is directly associated with the reality and fear of death.
Three ingredients for the Cure of Soul Sorrow
1. Hope of personal immortality.
2. A rational view of the universe
3. An answer to the question, “What is truth?”

WHAT ABOUT PLURALISM AND ABSOLUTISM?

Pluralism is the view that there is no one truth. 2
Truth is different for every person.
Belief systems are constructed by cultural, serving the purposes of the society from which they emerge.
Reality is created by the people.
Tolerance is the highest virtue, and intolerance is the cardinal sin.
A belief system is simply like a “spiritual cuisine.”
Absolutism is the view that there is there is one truth.
There is an overarching explanation of reality based on central organizing truths.”
There is a big story that makes sense out of life, history and the universe.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

 At the core of the Christian faith is “The Gospel.” What is the Gospel?

Q2:

Would you describe Christianity as a religion of absolute truth or of relative truth? Why?

Q3:

 Is it possible to be both a believer in absolute truth and tolerant of other religious views at the same time?

It is directly associated with the reality and fear of death. 3
Jesus Among Other Gods
Bahá’i – Session One
Phyllis Horsman

HISTORICAL ROOTS OF BAHÁ’I

Bahá’i is an outgrowth of a religious movement known as Bábism. Bábism stemmed from the Twelver Shia’ite sect of Islam, which holds that the 12th of a series of great imams (spiritual teachers) vanished from sight but is still alive and will return to institute an era of justice and peace. Followers of Bahá’u’lláh are called Bahá’is.
v 1819: The Siyyad Ali-Muhhamad born in Shiraz, Iran—later proclaimed himself the Báb (the Gate)
v 1844: The Báb proclaimed himself the 12th Imam. His followers were known as Bábists.
v 1863: Following the Báb’s death in 1850, Bahá’u’lláh proclaimed himself the Promised One of whom the Báb prophesied.
v 1892: Bahá’u’lláh died in exile in Palestine, and his son Abdu’l-Bahá succeeded him.
v 1894: Bahá’i became a missionizing religion and had its first Western converts.
v 1974: 5-year missionary plan increased size by 40%
v 1990’s: 6,000,000 members in over 205 countries, its books in many languages. The headquarters of Bahá’i is currently in Haifa, Israel, near the graves of Bahá’u’lláh and the Báb. Its most important community is in Iran. National headquarters in the U. S. is near Chicago.

MAIN TENETS OF BAHÁ’I

v There is only one religion, the religion of God.
v All the great religions of the world are divine in origin.
v All Divine Religions (through their Nine Prophets) teach the same truth, which is not absolute, but relative.
v There is one God known by many names.
v Man is basically good and not a product of original sin.
v The doctrines of resurrection, judgment, Heaven and Hell should not be taken literally.
v Religion and science must agree, else one of them is wrong.
v Bahá’is stress world peace, unity of nations and language, education and sexual equality. 4

THE SACRED BOOKS OF BAHÁ’I

v The revelations of Bahá’u’lláh (over 100 books) supersede the sacred books of the major religions, yet these other religions’ books are revered as part of the progressively revealed truth of God.
v Bahá’u’lláh was greatly influenced by the Bible and quoted the New Testament extensively in his writings.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

Can one be both Christian and a Bahái? Why?

Q2:

 Is the God of the Bahá’i different from the God of the Christian? How?

Q3:

 Is the following statement from the Bible or a book of Bahá’i? Give a reason(s) for your answer.

“Bear thou witness that ve rily He is God and there is no God but Him, the King, the Protector; the Incomparable, the Omnipotent.” 5
Jesus Among Other Gods
Bahá’i – Session Two
Phyllis Horsman
God’s purpose in sending his Prophets is twofold. The first is to liberate the children of men from the darkness of ignorance and guide them to the light of true understanding. The second is to ensure the peace and tranquility of mankind.

GOD AND HUMANITY (WHO AM I?)

v Human beings are made in the image of God. The ability to reflect the attributes and spirit of God is the soul’s essential reality.
v Divine qualities are latent in the soul, just as the color, fragrance and vitality of a flower are latent within the seed.
v The immortal souls of ordinary people come into being at the moment of conception. The soul animates the body and distinguishes humans from animals.

THE PURPOSE OF LIFE (WHY AM I HERE?)

v The role of religion is to enable people to achieve a true understanding of their own nature and of God’s will and purpose for them.
v The cultivation of life’s spiritual side enables a person to develop those innate qualities that lie at the foundation of human happiness and social progress, including faith, courage, love, compassion, trustworthiness and humility. As these grow, society advances.
v Humans were created to carry forward an ever-advancing civilization, a unity of humankind.
v Life is an eternal process of joyous spiritual discovery and growth. The soul develops through the individual’s relationship with God and is fostered through prayer, meditation, worship, knowledge of the scriptures revealed by the Prophets, love for God, moral self-discipline and service to humanity. This is what gives meaning to life.

ON GOOD AND EVIL (IS THERE A CONFLICT?)

v There is no hierarchy of demons, angels and archangels; these terms are symbolic of varying stages of human development.
v Whatever promotes our spiritual development is good, and whatever hinders it is bad.

IMMORTALITY (WHERE AM I GOING?)

v After physical death, one’s everlasting soul lives on, embarking on a spiritual journey toward God through many “worlds” or planes of existence.
v Progress on this journey is likened to “heaven.” Failure to develop keeps one distant from God, this distance being “hell.” 6

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

How would you explain to a Bahá’i why Jesus is the only way to God?

Q2:

How would you describe the God of the Christian to a Bahá’i?

Q3:

How would you explain the problem of “sin” to a Bahá’i? 7

Jesus Among Other Gods
Buddhism Part 1
Bryan Cook

INTRODUCTION

Buddhism, founded in northeastern India and based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha, or enlightened one, currently is the world’s 4th largest religion boasting somewhere upwards of 315,000,000 believers worldwide. Of this number of believers ~ 313,000,000 are in Asia … and ~ 560,000 are in North America. This total number represents nearly 6% of the world’s population.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Ø 563 B.C. – Siddhartha Gautama born in India to a rich ruling father named Suddhodana and mother named Maya. He was born under the Kshatriya caste system. A seer gave a prophecy to his parents he would help mankind “find” salvation.
Ø 547 B.C. – At age 16, he married Yasodharma who bore Rahula, their son
Ø 534 B.C. – At 29, various sights of suffering –sickness, old age, death and poverty with bliss affect Siddharta. He renounces the throne to discover the reason for the suffering.
Ø 528 B.C. – After six years of searching through the teachings of Hinduism and then ascetism of the monks, he attained Nirvana after sitting under a Bohdi tree in the city of Bodh Gaya for an extended period of time (49 days???)
Ø 483 B.C. – Siddhartha dies at age 80 probably as a result of food poisoning. His last reported words were, “Be ye lamps unto yourselves. Betake yourselves to no external refuge. Hold fast as a refuge to truth. Look not for refuge to anyone besides yourselves. Behold now, brethren, I exhort you saying: Decay is inherent in all component things! Work out your
salvation with diligence.”

EARLY DEVELOPMENT

The death of Siddhartha resulted in no successive leader, as he would not appoint one. Over the next three centuries “Four Major Counsels” shaped the belief system and wrote the beliefs down at least 200-300 hundred years post his death. Out of this struggle, 18 substantially different sects originate with only one of the original 18 remaining today. Today, there are two
main branches of Buddhism: Theravada (the way of the elders) and Mahayana (the Great Vehicle). Although, these two branches share a common founder, the divide in beliefs is vast.

MAIN TENETS OF BUDDHISM

Four Noble Truths
1) Dukkha – Life is suffering.
2) Samudaya – All suffering is caused by ignorance of the nature of reality and the craving, attachment and grasping that result from such ignorance.
3) Nirodha – Suffering can be ended by overcoming ignorance and attachment.
4) Magga – the path leading to the cessation of dukkha – this occurs through the Noble Eightfold Path: right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and concentration. These eight are usually divided into three categories that form the cornerstone of the Buddhist faith: morality, wisdom and samadhi (concentration).
Anatman – denial of a permanent soul looking at human existence in five bundles (shandhas): the material, body, feelings, perceptions, predispositions or karmic tendencies and consciousness.
Kharma – consists of a person’s acts and their ethical consequences. Human actions lead to rebirth wherein good deeds are rewarded and evil deeds punished. Thus, there is no unwarranted pleasure or suffering, but rather a universal justice.
Nirvana – the ultimate goal … release from the round of phenomenal existence with it’s inherent suffering; in other words, an enlightened state in which the fires of greed, hatred and ignorance have been quenched.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

How does Buddhism answer the four qualifying questions consistent with all religions referenced in week #1?

Q2:

Compare the “last words” of Jesus Christ (Matt 28:18-20) to the “last words” of the Buddha – how do they differ? Who is the point of reliance?

Q3:

 Recognizing the tenets of Buddhism, how do you think most Buddhists would view Christianity and the tenets of the Christian faith? 9

Jesus Among Other Gods
Buddhism – Part 2
Bryan Cook

THERAVADA vs. MAHAYANA

How they view man Individual Not alone
(must help self) (others can help)
How they view God Atheistic Polytheistic
How they view Buddha saint Savior
(only one) (but there have been many manifestations)
How they view religion full time job (MONK!) relevant to life (for all)
What is the key virtue wisdom compassion
Striving to become Arhat Bodhisattva
Which scriptures Tripitaka – main ones Hundreds of books
Ritual is to … Avoid Embrace
Solution to life to cease all desire Awareness of Buddha in order to realize the nature within non-existence of self
Means to get there Self-reliance Self-reliance
Persuasion Conservative Liberal
BRANCHES OF MAHAYANA
Ø Pure Land Buddhism – largest sect in Japan
Ø Zen Buddhism – “meditation” driven
Ø Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism – 13th century – allows for some materialism – largest sect in the US (Tina Turner)
Ø Tantra Buddhism – may be truly defined as its own branch
Ø Folk Buddhism —

COMPARING & CONTRASTING 5 KEY ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIANITY AND BUDDHISM

1. Human Suffering
2. Soul
3. “Emptiness”
4. Salvation
5. God

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

After studying Buddhism, would you characterize it as an optimistic, pessimistic or realistic religion? Why?

Q2:

Is it possible to be a Buddhist Christian? A Christian Buddhist? Why or why not?

Q3:

 How would you share Jesus Christ with a Buddhist friend?

Jesus Among Other Gods
Hinduism—Part 1
Jimmy Catlett

Demographics

Ø ~800 million; 13% of the world; 88 countries; ~1-1.2 million in USA; 3rd most widely followed religion in the world.
Ø Only major religion of the world that can neither be traced to a specific founder nor has a holy book as the one and only scriptural authority.
Ø USA arguably more impacted by Hinduism in the last century than any other eastern religion:
Vedanta Society, ISKCON, Theosophy, the Divine Light Mission, Rajneeshism, Transcendental Meditation, New Age Movement.

“Historical” Background

Inception ~3000-1500 BC; 4 main stages:
1. Tribes in Indus Valley practiced animism.
2. Tribes conquered by armies from central Asia who introduced polytheistic Vedic religion; 5- level caste system.
3. Rebellion against the caste system. Development of the Upanishads; philosophical writings, which focused on one single principle to tie all reality together (karma, dharma, transmigration/reincarnation, samsara, moksha, Brahman).
4. Revival of Vedantic Literature. Old theology and new theology mixed.
Ø Formation of the Trimutri: 3 major gods take prominence over lesser deities:
· Brahma (creator)
· Vishnu (preserver); has the most followers; Sri Krishna (incarna ted Vishnu) has become the main deity of Hinduism.
· Shiva (destroyer)
Ø Bhagavad-Gita: Portion of larger work called Mahabharata. Most revered book in Hinduism.

Basic Beliefs

Hinduism encapsulated: Atman achieves Moksha by breaking free of Samsara, detaching from Maya, and uniting with Brahman.
Some unifying beliefs but no universally binding doctrines. One of most inclusive of all religions.

About God…

Brahman is Ultimate Reality; an impersonal force beyond distinction; undifferentiated, matterless, omnipresent, objective oneness; the Universal Soul; the All. Deities are physical manifestations of Brahman. All paths lead to Brahman.

About Life…

Life and individuality are illusion (Maya). There is a ‘beyond within’ the individual (Atman) that seeks union with Brahman.
Life is a hierarchy; time is a cycle (samsara). Actions determine position in the hierarchy (karma). Good karma is gained by adhering to yogas (disciplines, “ways”), categorized mainly as knowledge, works, and devotion. One’s karma, good or bad, is inevitable, inescapable,
unforgivable.

About Destiny…

The aim of life is enlightenment/deliverance from the illusionary/finite realm (moksha); Expansion of being and consciousness to the realization that atman is one with Brahman. Accomplished by passing ever higher through the hierarchy until one breaks through the wheel of life/death/reincarnation.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

Christianity is often described as monotheistic (only 1 God). How would you describe Hinduism?

Q2:

What does the Hindu think of time, specifically his/her time on Earth? What might the Hindu think of the urgency Christians ascribe to time?

Q3:

Develop as clearly as you can what would be the picture of “salvation” to the Hindu mind?

Q4:

Why might a Hindu try to ease a nother’s suffering? Why might he/she not?:

Homework
1. To enhance your perspective, study the Biblical timeline back to the beginnings of Hinduism. What is happening in Judeo-Christian history around this time?
2. In preparation for next week, ponder the differences, as well as the common ground you see in Hinduism and Christianity.
Glossary of Hinduism
Atman: the soul or self: innermost reality of a person.
Avatar: descent of a deity from heaven; one of the many incarnations of God.
Bhagavad Gita: most popular holy book; story of Krishna and the warrior, Arjuna.
Bhakti Marga: the path of devotion; attachment and devotion to a personal god.
Brahman: universal soul; ultimate divine; absolute reality comprehended objectively.
Caste: system of social classes in India; 5 major castes with many subdivisions.
Dharma: divine law governing the proper works of justice, righteousness, and morality for each person’s station in life.
Guru: a teacher of religion; a spiritual guide.
Jnana Marga: the path of knowledge; insight into the mysteries of life, intuitive awareness, gained by study of the ancient writings and inward meditation. 13
Karma: law of retributive justice; fruit of actions; the balancing between good and bad actions within an individual soul.
Karma Marga: the path of works; faithful adherence to dharma or duty in life.
Mantra: a sacred word or sound for meditation, representing one of Hindu’s many gods.
Maya: illusion of the physical world that must be overcome in order to reach Brahman.
Moksha: enlightenment; liberation from maya and samsara to unite with Brahman.
Reincarnation: Hindu belief of endless rebirth until one overcomes maya into moksha.
Samsara: wheel of life through cyclical reincarnation until the soul gains moksha.
Trimutri: 3- in-one God, represented as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
Upanishads: ancient philosophical and theological holy books that synthesized the Vedas.
Vedas: ancient holy writings of hymns and prayers; means wisdom or knowledge.
Yoga: discipline of mind, soul, and body used for transcending this world of illusion; means yolk or union. 14

Jesus Among Other Gods
Hinduism (2)
Jimmy Catlett

Jesus and Hinduism—the Common Ground

Ø All is not right with the world and with human existence in it.
Ø The ultimate remedy to the human dilemma is spiritual in nature.
Ø Mankind is imbued with an innate desire for immortality.
Ø Immortality involves liberation or release from the limitations that press upon his/her existence (e.g., illness, tiredness, ignorance, discouragement, old age and death).
Ø The great object of life is to find union with God.

Jesus and Hinduism—the Contrasts

The obvious ones…
1. Monotheistic vs. pantheistic.
2. One way vs. many ways.
3. Depravity vs. ignorance.
4. Grace vs. effort.
5. Linear time vs. cyclical time.

The not so obvious ones…
1. Public revelation vs. private mystical experience.
2. Will vs. consciousness.

Jesus and Hinduism—the Challenge Concern about Hinduism

Due to its eclectic nature, Hinduism has potential for uniting much of the non-Christian religious world. It easily meshes with:
Ø Modern natural science: emphasizes spiritual evolution.
Ø Modern psychology: emphasizes mankind’s essential divinity, consistent with basic goodness and unlimited potential of human nature.
Ø Modern philosophy: emphasizes broad tolerance of seemingly contradictory beliefs, consistent with the relativity of all truth claims.
Ø Spiritual seekers: emphasizes the primacy of spiritual over material reality, appealing to those disillusioned with strictly material pursuits.

Concern for the Hindu

1. Pray. Praying is fundamental. You cannot convert another. They are drawn by the Spirit.
2. Love. Acts o f inconvenient love not only commanded by God but curious to the Hindu.
3. Invest. First relate, then differentiate. Build a friendship before exploring deep differences. Read, ask questions, share, hang out. Then discuss the evidence.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

What should be the Christian’s position on trying to make the world a better place? What is the Hindu position? Explain your answers.

Q2:

Why are salvation and divine judgment foreign concepts to a pantheistic belief system like Hinduism? If pantheism is true, what follows?

Q3:

Say you’re ready to discuss the evidences of your respective beliefs with a Hindu friend. Where do you start and why?

Q4:

Bonus Question: Is it wrong for me to take a yoga class? Why or why not?

Glossary of Hinduism
Atman: the soul or self: innermost reality of a person.
Avatar: descent of a deity from heaven; one of the many incarnations of God.
Bhagavad Gita: most popular holy book; story of Krishna and the warrior, Arjuna.
Bhakti Marga: the path of devotion; attachment and devotion to a personal god.
Brahman: universal soul; ultimate divine; absolute reality comprehended objectively.
Caste: system of social classes in India; 5 major castes with many subdivisions.
Dharma: divine law governing the proper works of justice, righteousness, and morality for each person’s station in life.
Guru: a teacher of religion; a spiritual guide. 16
Jnana Marga: the path of knowledge; insight into the mysteries of life, intuitive awareness, gained by study of the ancient writings and inward meditation.
Karma: law of retributive justice; fruit of actions; the balancing between good and bad actions within an individual soul.
Karma Marga: the path of works; faithful adherence to dharma or duty in life.
Mantra: a sacred word or sound for meditation, representing one of Hindu’s many gods.
Maya: illusion of the physical world that must be overcome in order to reach Brahman.
Moksha: enlightenment; liberation from maya and samsara to unite with Brahman.
Reincarnation: Hindu belief of endless rebirth until one overcomes maya into moksha.
Samsara: wheel of life through cyclical reincarnation until the soul gains moksha.
Trimutri: 3- in-one God, represented as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
Upanishads: ancient philosophical and theological holy books that synthesized the Vedas.
Vedas: ancient holy writings of hymns and prayers; means wisdom or knowledge.
Yoga: discipline of mind, soul, and body used for transcending this world of illusion; means yolk or union. 17

Jesus Among Other Gods
Islam (Part 1)
Mike Chapman

Today we begin our look at the Islamic Faith. It is a religion that is shared by an estimated 750 million to 1 billion followers. It is geographically concentrated in an area that spans from the Atlantic across North Africa, the Middle East, Southern and Central Asia to the Pacific Ocean (the co-called “Ten Forty Window”).
The word Islam means “submission” and “Muslim” means “one who has surrendered.”

THE ORIGIN OF ISLAM

The Life of Muhammad (P.B.U.H)
Born in 570 AD in Mecca, Arabia (orphaned and raised by his uncle, Abu Talib) At 25, he married his employed (Khadijah), quit working and spent his time meditating and reflecting on life.
In 610 AD (40 years old), he began to receive frightening revelations accompanied by seizures. These revelations continued for 22 years until his death in 632 AD. Persecution caused him and his followers to flee to Medina in 622 AD (the official date of the founding of Islam as a religion). He and his followers fought their way back to Mecca in 630 AD.
Mohammed dies in 632 AD
Three Primary Sects of Islam Today
Sunnis make up about 90% of all Muslims
Shi ites make up about 10% of the Muslim faith.
Sufis are a very small minority who tend to be independent, mystical Muslims.
America’s Nation of Islam is a strange mixture of Islam and political activism that cannot be considered a pure Islamic religion.

SOURCE OF ISLAMIC TEACHING

The Koran (Quran) means “recitations” of Mohammed’s visions. It consists of 114 chapters.
The Hadith is a collection of early Muslim traditions which record the words and deeds of Mohammed according to his wives, friends and Muslim leaders. 18
Islam accepts Genesis 1-16 as divine revelation, but focus on the line of Ishmael not Isaac.

THE FIVE DOCTRINES OF ISLAM

1. Allah is the one true God.
Connection with the Moon God of pre-Muslim Arabia He is all-powerful but unknowable, unfeeling. He never comes personally to any human. He hates sinners.
2. Allah has many prophets, including Moses and Jesus, but Mohammed is the last and the greatest.
3. The Koran is the supreme religious book.
4. There are many intermediaries (spirit beings called jinns) between God and man. Some are good and some are evil.
5. Each man’s deeds will determine if he goes to hell or heaven.
Heaven is a place of sensual gratification for men.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

 How does the Bible differ from the Koran in its origin and what difference does this make?

Q2:

Contrast the Christian view of eternal life with the Islamic view of heaven.

Q3:

Why is there a problem with saying that Moses, Jesus and Mohammed are all prophets of God.
19

Jesus Among Other Gods
Islam (Part 2)
Mike Chapman
We will continue our look at Islam. In this session, we will look at a comparison between the life of Jesus and the life of Mohammed. We will also look at the Islamic way of salvation and the Christian way of salvation.

Review of last session
Islam means “submission.”
Koran is the recorded “recitations” of Mohammed’s visions. The official date of the fo unding of Islam is 622 AD. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was born in 570 AD and dies in 632 AD

Five Doctrines of Islam:

1. Allah is the one true God.
2. Allah has many prophets, including Moses and Jesus, but Mohammed is the last and the greatest.
3. The Koran is the supreme religious book.
4. There are many intermediaries (spirit beings called jinns) between God and man. Some are good and some are evil.
5. Each man’s deeds will determine if he goes to hell or heaven.

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM (WAY OF SALVATION

Repetition of the Shahadah (“There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet.”) several times a day
Prayers facing Mecca, 5 times a day. (Salat)
Almsgiving (Zakat)
A month of fasting (Ramadan)–daylight only (Sawn)
A pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime (Hajj)
Death in a Jihad (holy war) is the any exception to the five pillars of Islam.

COMPARING THE JESUS WITH MUHAMMAD

Plan of salvation
The God of the Bible reaches out to man.
Islam offers no hope of salvation, only guidelines for Allah’s favor. 20
Mohammed performed no miracles and made no future prophecies. Jesus did both.
Lifestyle
The last 10 years of Mohammed’s life were at war. Jesus was a man of peace.
Mohammed was a polygamist, exceeding the number (4) he prescribed for Muslims. Jesus taught against polygamy, adultery, and coveting another man’s wife.
He had at least 12 wives (some list as many as 16)
He had a personal harem of another six women.
Mohammed plundered caravans and Jewish settlements to build the treasury of Medina. Jesus’ life was so pure that even his enemies said, “I find no fault in him.”

SHARING YOUR FAITH WITH A MUSLIM

1. Be a friend.
2. Pray for your Muslim friend
3. Invite them to your home.
4. Be sensitive to their cultural values.
5. Understand their basic beliefs.
6. Listen and seek to understand.
7. Welcome open and honest discussion of your different religions.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

 Is Christianity a trans-cultural religion? In what way? What difference does it make if it is or not?

Q2:

Why would you assume that the Islamic faith is so anti-Semitic and anti-Christian?

Q3:

 What would be the best way to evangelize a “closed” Islamic country?

The Islamic Faith – Part 1

Series: Jesus Among Other Gods – City Church of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN  

Today we begin a study of what some may call “Comparative Religions.” However, it is our goal to not to just be academic, but also spiritual and developmental. Here is where we will go:
Session One: Introduction Mike Chapman
Session Two: The Baha’i Faith (1) Phyllis Horsman
Session Three: The Baha’i Faith (2) Phyllis Horsman
Session Four: The Buddhist Faith (1) Bryan Cook
Session Five: The Buddhist Faith (2) Bryan Cook
Session Six: The Hindu Faith (1) Jimmy Catlett
Session Seven: The Hindu Faith (2) Jimmy Catlett
Session Eight: The Islamic Faith (1) Mike Chapman
Session Nine: The Islamic Faith (2) Mike Chapman

ARE ALL RELIGIONS ESSENTIALLY THE SAME?

The answer is yes and no. All religions are similar in that the y seek to answer basic metaphysical questions. However, they are different in the answers that are proposed. The four fundamental questions of life:
The question of origin: WHERE DID I COME FROM?
The question of meaning: WHY AM I HERE?
The question of morality: HOW SHOULD I LIVE?
The question of destiny: WHERE AM I GOING?

MAN’S QUEST FOR THE HEALING OF “SOUL SORROW”

Soul sorrow is the common malady of the human race It is directly associated with the reality and fear of death. Three ingredients for the Cure of Soul Sorrow
1. Hope of personal immortality.
2. A rational view of the universe
3. An answer to the question, “What is truth?”

WHAT ABOUT PLURALISM AND ABSOLUTISM?

Pluralism is the view that there is no one truth. Truth is different for every person. Belief systems are constructed by cultural, serving the purposes of the society from which they emerge. Reality is created by the people. Tolerance is the highest virtue, and intolerance is the cardinal sin. A belief system is simply like a “spiritual cuisine.” Absolutism is the view that there is there is one truth. There is an overarching explanation of reality based on central organizing truths.” There is a big story that makes sense out of life, history and the universe.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

 At the core of the Christian faith is “The Gospel.” What is the Gospel?

Q2:

Would you describe Christianity as a religion of absolute truth or of relative truth? Why?

Q3:

 Is it possible to be both a believer in absolute truth and tolerant of other religious views at the same time?

It is directly associated with the reality and fear of death. 3
Jesus Among Other Gods
Bahá’i – Session One
Phyllis Horsman

HISTORICAL ROOTS OF BAHÁ’I

Bahá’i is an outgrowth of a religious movement known as Bábism. Bábism stemmed from the Twelver Shia’ite sect of Islam, which holds that the 12th of a series of great imams (spiritual teachers) vanished from sight but is still alive and will return to institute an era of justice and peace. Followers of Bahá’u’lláh are called Bahá’is.
v 1819: The Siyyad Ali-Muhhamad born in Shiraz, Iran—later proclaimed himself the Báb (the Gate)
v 1844: The Báb proclaimed himself the 12th Imam. His followers were known as Bábists.
v 1863: Following the Báb’s death in 1850, Bahá’u’lláh proclaimed himself the Promised One of whom the Báb prophesied.
v 1892: Bahá’u’lláh died in exile in Palestine, and his son Abdu’l-Bahá succeeded him.
v 1894: Bahá’i became a missionizing religion and had its first Western converts.
v 1974: 5-year missionary plan increased size by 40%
v 1990’s: 6,000,000 members in over 205 countries, its books in many languages. The headquarters of Bahá’i is currently in Haifa, Israel, near the graves of Bahá’u’lláh and the Báb. Its most important community is in Iran. National headquarters in the U. S. is near Chicago.

MAIN TENETS OF BAHÁ’I

v There is only one religion, the religion of God.
v All the great religions of the world are divine in origin.
v All Divine Religions (through their Nine Prophets) teach the same truth, which is not absolute, but relative.
v There is one God known by many names.
v Man is basically good and not a product of original sin.
v The doctrines of resurrection, judgment, Heaven and Hell should not be taken literally.
v Religion and science must agree, else one of them is wrong.
v Bahá’is stress world peace, unity of nations and language, education and sexual equality. 4

THE SACRED BOOKS OF BAHÁ’I

v The revelations of Bahá’u’lláh (over 100 books) supersede the sacred books of the major religions, yet these other religions’ books are revered as part of the progressively revealed truth of God.
v Bahá’u’lláh was greatly influenced by the Bible and quoted the New Testament extensively in his writings.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

Can one be both Christian and a Bahái? Why?

Q2:

 Is the God of the Bahá’i different from the God of the Christian? How?

Q3:

 Is the following statement from the Bible or a book of Bahá’i? Give a reason(s) for your answer.

“Bear thou witness that ve rily He is God and there is no God but Him, the King, the Protector; the Incomparable, the Omnipotent.” 5
Jesus Among Other Gods
Bahá’i – Session Two
Phyllis Horsman
God’s purpose in sending his Prophets is twofold. The first is to liberate the children of men from the darkness of ignorance and guide them to the light of true understanding. The second is to ensure the peace and tranquility of mankind.

GOD AND HUMANITY (WHO AM I?)

v Human beings are made in the image of God. The ability to reflect the attributes and spirit of God is the soul’s essential reality.
v Divine qualities are latent in the soul, just as the color, fragrance and vitality of a flower are latent within the seed.
v The immortal souls of ordinary people come into being at the moment of conception. The soul animates the body and distinguishes humans from animals.

THE PURPOSE OF LIFE (WHY AM I HERE?)

v The role of religion is to enable people to achieve a true understanding of their own nature and of God’s will and purpose for them.
v The cultivation of life’s spiritual side enables a person to develop those innate qualities that lie at the foundation of human happiness and social progress, including faith, courage, love, compassion, trustworthiness and humility. As these grow, society advances.
v Humans were created to carry forward an ever-advancing civilization, a unity of humankind.
v Life is an eternal process of joyous spiritual discovery and growth. The soul develops through the individual’s relationship with God and is fostered through prayer, meditation, worship, knowledge of the scriptures revealed by the Prophets, love for God, moral self-discipline and service to humanity. This is what gives meaning to life.

ON GOOD AND EVIL (IS THERE A CONFLICT?)

v There is no hierarchy of demons, angels and archangels; these terms are symbolic of varying stages of human development.
v Whatever promotes our spiritual development is good, and whatever hinders it is bad.

IMMORTALITY (WHERE AM I GOING?)

v After physical death, one’s everlasting soul lives on, embarking on a spiritual journey toward God through many “worlds” or planes of existence.
v Progress on this journey is likened to “heaven.” Failure to develop keeps one distant from God, this distance being “hell.” 6

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

How would you explain to a Bahá’i why Jesus is the only way to God?

Q2:

How would you describe the God of the Christian to a Bahá’i?

Q3:

How would you explain the problem of “sin” to a Bahá’i? 7

Jesus Among Other Gods
Buddhism Part 1
Bryan Cook

INTRODUCTION

Buddhism, founded in northeastern India and based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha, or enlightened one, currently is the world’s 4th largest religion boasting somewhere upwards of 315,000,000 believers worldwide. Of this number of believers ~ 313,000,000 are in Asia … and ~ 560,000 are in North America. This total number represents nearly 6% of the world’s population.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Ø 563 B.C. – Siddhartha Gautama born in India to a rich ruling father named Suddhodana and mother named Maya. He was born under the Kshatriya caste system. A seer gave a prophecy to his parents he would help mankind “find” salvation.
Ø 547 B.C. – At age 16, he married Yasodharma who bore Rahula, their son
Ø 534 B.C. – At 29, various sights of suffering –sickness, old age, death and poverty with bliss affect Siddharta. He renounces the throne to discover the reason for the suffering.
Ø 528 B.C. – After six years of searching through the teachings of Hinduism and then ascetism of the monks, he attained Nirvana after sitting under a Bohdi tree in the city of Bodh Gaya for an extended period of time (49 days???)
Ø 483 B.C. – Siddhartha dies at age 80 probably as a result of food poisoning. His last reported words were, “Be ye lamps unto yourselves. Betake yourselves to no external refuge. Hold fast as a refuge to truth. Look not for refuge to anyone besides yourselves. Behold now, brethren, I exhort you saying: Decay is inherent in all component things! Work out your
salvation with diligence.”

EARLY DEVELOPMENT

The death of Siddhartha resulted in no successive leader, as he would not appoint one. Over the next three centuries “Four Major Counsels” shaped the belief system and wrote the beliefs down at least 200-300 hundred years post his death. Out of this struggle, 18 substantially different sects originate with only one of the original 18 remaining today. Today, there are two
main branches of Buddhism: Theravada (the way of the elders) and Mahayana (the Great Vehicle). Although, these two branches share a common founder, the divide in beliefs is vast.

MAIN TENETS OF BUDDHISM

Four Noble Truths
1) Dukkha – Life is suffering.
2) Samudaya – All suffering is caused by ignorance of the nature of reality and the craving, attachment and grasping that result from such ignorance.
3) Nirodha – Suffering can be ended by overcoming ignorance and attachment.
4) Magga – the path leading to the cessation of dukkha – this occurs through the Noble Eightfold Path: right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and concentration. These eight are usually divided into three categories that form the cornerstone of the Buddhist faith: morality, wisdom and samadhi (concentration).
Anatman – denial of a permanent soul looking at human existence in five bundles (shandhas): the material, body, feelings, perceptions, predispositions or karmic tendencies and consciousness.
Kharma – consists of a person’s acts and their ethical consequences. Human actions lead to rebirth wherein good deeds are rewarded and evil deeds punished. Thus, there is no unwarranted pleasure or suffering, but rather a universal justice.
Nirvana – the ultimate goal … release from the round of phenomenal existence with it’s inherent suffering; in other words, an enlightened state in which the fires of greed, hatred and ignorance have been quenched.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

How does Buddhism answer the four qualifying questions consistent with all religions referenced in week #1?

Q2:

Compare the “last words” of Jesus Christ (Matt 28:18-20) to the “last words” of the Buddha – how do they differ? Who is the point of reliance?

Q3:

 Recognizing the tenets of Buddhism, how do you think most Buddhists would view Christianity and the tenets of the Christian faith? 9

Jesus Among Other Gods
Buddhism – Part 2
Bryan Cook

THERAVADA vs. MAHAYANA

How they view man Individual Not alone
(must help self) (others can help)
How they view God Atheistic Polytheistic
How they view Buddha saint Savior
(only one) (but there have been many manifestations)
How they view religion full time job (MONK!) relevant to life (for all)
What is the key virtue wisdom compassion
Striving to become Arhat Bodhisattva
Which scriptures Tripitaka – main ones Hundreds of books
Ritual is to … Avoid Embrace
Solution to life to cease all desire Awareness of Buddha in order to realize the nature within non-existence of self
Means to get there Self-reliance Self-reliance
Persuasion Conservative Liberal
BRANCHES OF MAHAYANA
Ø Pure Land Buddhism – largest sect in Japan
Ø Zen Buddhism – “meditation” driven
Ø Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism – 13th century – allows for some materialism – largest sect in the US (Tina Turner)
Ø Tantra Buddhism – may be truly defined as its own branch
Ø Folk Buddhism —

COMPARING & CONTRASTING 5 KEY ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIANITY AND BUDDHISM

1. Human Suffering
2. Soul
3. “Emptiness”
4. Salvation
5. God

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

After studying Buddhism, would you characterize it as an optimistic, pessimistic or realistic religion? Why?

Q2:

Is it possible to be a Buddhist Christian? A Christian Buddhist? Why or why not?

Q3:

 How would you share Jesus Christ with a Buddhist friend?

Jesus Among Other Gods
Hinduism—Part 1
Jimmy Catlett

Demographics

Ø ~800 million; 13% of the world; 88 countries; ~1-1.2 million in USA; 3rd most widely followed religion in the world.
Ø Only major religion of the world that can neither be traced to a specific founder nor has a holy book as the one and only scriptural authority.
Ø USA arguably more impacted by Hinduism in the last century than any other eastern religion:
Vedanta Society, ISKCON, Theosophy, the Divine Light Mission, Rajneeshism, Transcendental Meditation, New Age Movement.

“Historical” Background

Inception ~3000-1500 BC; 4 main stages:
1. Tribes in Indus Valley practiced animism.
2. Tribes conquered by armies from central Asia who introduced polytheistic Vedic religion; 5- level caste system.
3. Rebellion against the caste system. Development of the Upanishads; philosophical writings, which focused on one single principle to tie all reality together (karma, dharma, transmigration/reincarnation, samsara, moksha, Brahman).
4. Revival of Vedantic Literature. Old theology and new theology mixed.
Ø Formation of the Trimutri: 3 major gods take prominence over lesser deities:
· Brahma (creator)
· Vishnu (preserver); has the most followers; Sri Krishna (incarna ted Vishnu) has become the main deity of Hinduism.
· Shiva (destroyer)
Ø Bhagavad-Gita: Portion of larger work called Mahabharata. Most revered book in Hinduism.

Basic Beliefs

Hinduism encapsulated: Atman achieves Moksha by breaking free of Samsara, detaching from Maya, and uniting with Brahman.
Some unifying beliefs but no universally binding doctrines. One of most inclusive of all religions.

About God…

Brahman is Ultimate Reality; an impersonal force beyond distinction; undifferentiated, matterless, omnipresent, objective oneness; the Universal Soul; the All. Deities are physical manifestations of Brahman. All paths lead to Brahman.

About Life…

Life and individuality are illusion (Maya). There is a ‘beyond within’ the individual (Atman) that seeks union with Brahman.
Life is a hierarchy; time is a cycle (samsara). Actions determine position in the hierarchy (karma). Good karma is gained by adhering to yogas (disciplines, “ways”), categorized mainly as knowledge, works, and devotion. One’s karma, good or bad, is inevitable, inescapable,
unforgivable.

About Destiny…

The aim of life is enlightenment/deliverance from the illusionary/finite realm (moksha); Expansion of being and consciousness to the realization that atman is one with Brahman. Accomplished by passing ever higher through the hierarchy until one breaks through the wheel of life/death/reincarnation.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

Christianity is often described as monotheistic (only 1 God). How would you describe Hinduism?

Q2:

What does the Hindu think of time, specifically his/her time on Earth? What might the Hindu think of the urgency Christians ascribe to time?

Q3:

Develop as clearly as you can what would be the picture of “salvation” to the Hindu mind?

Q4:

Why might a Hindu try to ease a nother’s suffering? Why might he/she not?:

Homework
1. To enhance your perspective, study the Biblical timeline back to the beginnings of Hinduism. What is happening in Judeo-Christian history around this time?
2. In preparation for next week, ponder the differences, as well as the common ground you see in Hinduism and Christianity.
Glossary of Hinduism
Atman: the soul or self: innermost reality of a person.
Avatar: descent of a deity from heaven; one of the many incarnations of God.
Bhagavad Gita: most popular holy book; story of Krishna and the warrior, Arjuna.
Bhakti Marga: the path of devotion; attachment and devotion to a personal god.
Brahman: universal soul; ultimate divine; absolute reality comprehended objectively.
Caste: system of social classes in India; 5 major castes with many subdivisions.
Dharma: divine law governing the proper works of justice, righteousness, and morality for each person’s station in life.
Guru: a teacher of religion; a spiritual guide.
Jnana Marga: the path of knowledge; insight into the mysteries of life, intuitive awareness, gained by study of the ancient writings and inward meditation. 13
Karma: law of retributive justice; fruit of actions; the balancing between good and bad actions within an individual soul.
Karma Marga: the path of works; faithful adherence to dharma or duty in life.
Mantra: a sacred word or sound for meditation, representing one of Hindu’s many gods.
Maya: illusion of the physical world that must be overcome in order to reach Brahman.
Moksha: enlightenment; liberation from maya and samsara to unite with Brahman.
Reincarnation: Hindu belief of endless rebirth until one overcomes maya into moksha.
Samsara: wheel of life through cyclical reincarnation until the soul gains moksha.
Trimutri: 3- in-one God, represented as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
Upanishads: ancient philosophical and theological holy books that synthesized the Vedas.
Vedas: ancient holy writings of hymns and prayers; means wisdom or knowledge.
Yoga: discipline of mind, soul, and body used for transcending this world of illusion; means yolk or union. 14

Jesus Among Other Gods
Hinduism (2)
Jimmy Catlett

Jesus and Hinduism—the Common Ground

Ø All is not right with the world and with human existence in it.
Ø The ultimate remedy to the human dilemma is spiritual in nature.
Ø Mankind is imbued with an innate desire for immortality.
Ø Immortality involves liberation or release from the limitations that press upon his/her existence (e.g., illness, tiredness, ignorance, discouragement, old age and death).
Ø The great object of life is to find union with God.

Jesus and Hinduism—the Contrasts

The obvious ones…
1. Monotheistic vs. pantheistic.
2. One way vs. many ways.
3. Depravity vs. ignorance.
4. Grace vs. effort.
5. Linear time vs. cyclical time.

The not so obvious ones…
1. Public revelation vs. private mystical experience.
2. Will vs. consciousness.

Jesus and Hinduism—the Challenge Concern about Hinduism

Due to its eclectic nature, Hinduism has potential for uniting much of the non-Christian religious world. It easily meshes with:
Ø Modern natural science: emphasizes spiritual evolution.
Ø Modern psychology: emphasizes mankind’s essential divinity, consistent with basic goodness and unlimited potential of human nature.
Ø Modern philosophy: emphasizes broad tolerance of seemingly contradictory beliefs, consistent with the relativity of all truth claims.
Ø Spiritual seekers: emphasizes the primacy of spiritual over material reality, appealing to those disillusioned with strictly material pursuits.

Concern for the Hindu

1. Pray. Praying is fundamental. You cannot convert another. They are drawn by the Spirit.
2. Love. Acts o f inconvenient love not only commanded by God but curious to the Hindu.
3. Invest. First relate, then differentiate. Build a friendship before exploring deep differences. Read, ask questions, share, hang out. Then discuss the evidence.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

What should be the Christian’s position on trying to make the world a better place? What is the Hindu position? Explain your answers.

Q2:

Why are salvation and divine judgment foreign concepts to a pantheistic belief system like Hinduism? If pantheism is true, what follows?

Q3:

Say you’re ready to discuss the evidences of your respective beliefs with a Hindu friend. Where do you start and why?

Q4:

Bonus Question: Is it wrong for me to take a yoga class? Why or why not?

Glossary of Hinduism
Atman: the soul or self: innermost reality of a person.
Avatar: descent of a deity from heaven; one of the many incarnations of God.
Bhagavad Gita: most popular holy book; story of Krishna and the warrior, Arjuna.
Bhakti Marga: the path of devotion; attachment and devotion to a personal god.
Brahman: universal soul; ultimate divine; absolute reality comprehended objectively.
Caste: system of social classes in India; 5 major castes with many subdivisions.
Dharma: divine law governing the proper works of justice, righteousness, and morality for each person’s station in life.
Guru: a teacher of religion; a spiritual guide. 16
Jnana Marga: the path of knowledge; insight into the mysteries of life, intuitive awareness, gained by study of the ancient writings and inward meditation.
Karma: law of retributive justice; fruit of actions; the balancing between good and bad actions within an individual soul.
Karma Marga: the path of works; faithful adherence to dharma or duty in life.
Mantra: a sacred word or sound for meditation, representing one of Hindu’s many gods.
Maya: illusion of the physical world that must be overcome in order to reach Brahman.
Moksha: enlightenment; liberation from maya and samsara to unite with Brahman.
Reincarnation: Hindu belief of endless rebirth until one overcomes maya into moksha.
Samsara: wheel of life through cyclical reincarnation until the soul gains moksha.
Trimutri: 3- in-one God, represented as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
Upanishads: ancient philosophical and theological holy books that synthesized the Vedas.
Vedas: ancient holy writings of hymns and prayers; means wisdom or knowledge.
Yoga: discipline of mind, soul, and body used for transcending this world of illusion; means yolk or union. 17

Jesus Among Other Gods
Islam (Part 1)
Mike Chapman

Today we begin our look at the Islamic Faith. It is a religion that is shared by an estimated 750 million to 1 billion followers. It is geographically concentrated in an area that spans from the Atlantic across North Africa, the Middle East, Southern and Central Asia to the Pacific Ocean (the co-called “Ten Forty Window”).
The word Islam means “submission” and “Muslim” means “one who has surrendered.”

THE ORIGIN OF ISLAM

The Life of Muhammad (P.B.U.H)
Born in 570 AD in Mecca, Arabia (orphaned and raised by his uncle, Abu Talib) At 25, he married his employed (Khadijah), quit working and spent his time meditating and reflecting on life.
In 610 AD (40 years old), he began to receive frightening revelations accompanied by seizures. These revelations continued for 22 years until his death in 632 AD. Persecution caused him and his followers to flee to Medina in 622 AD (the official date of the founding of Islam as a religion). He and his followers fought their way back to Mecca in 630 AD.
Mohammed dies in 632 AD
Three Primary Sects of Islam Today
Sunnis make up about 90% of all Muslims
Shi ites make up about 10% of the Muslim faith.
Sufis are a very small minority who tend to be independent, mystical Muslims.
America’s Nation of Islam is a strange mixture of Islam and political activism that cannot be considered a pure Islamic religion.

SOURCE OF ISLAMIC TEACHING

The Koran (Quran) means “recitations” of Mohammed’s visions. It consists of 114 chapters.
The Hadith is a collection of early Muslim traditions which record the words and deeds of Mohammed according to his wives, friends and Muslim leaders. 18
Islam accepts Genesis 1-16 as divine revelation, but focus on the line of Ishmael not Isaac.

THE FIVE DOCTRINES OF ISLAM

1. Allah is the one true God.
Connection with the Moon God of pre-Muslim Arabia He is all-powerful but unknowable, unfeeling. He never comes personally to any human. He hates sinners.
2. Allah has many prophets, including Moses and Jesus, but Mohammed is the last and the greatest.
3. The Koran is the supreme religious book.
4. There are many intermediaries (spirit beings called jinns) between God and man. Some are good and some are evil.
5. Each man’s deeds will determine if he goes to hell or heaven.
Heaven is a place of sensual gratification for men.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

 How does the Bible differ from the Koran in its origin and what difference does this make?

Q2:

Contrast the Christian view of eternal life with the Islamic view of heaven.

Q3:

Why is there a problem with saying that Moses, Jesus and Mohammed are all prophets of God.
19

Jesus Among Other Gods
Islam (Part 2)
Mike Chapman
We will continue our look at Islam. In this session, we will look at a comparison between the life of Jesus and the life of Mohammed. We will also look at the Islamic way of salvation and the Christian way of salvation.

Review of last session
Islam means “submission.”
Koran is the recorded “recitations” of Mohammed’s visions. The official date of the fo unding of Islam is 622 AD. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was born in 570 AD and dies in 632 AD

Five Doctrines of Islam:

1. Allah is the one true God.
2. Allah has many prophets, including Moses and Jesus, but Mohammed is the last and the greatest.
3. The Koran is the supreme religious book.
4. There are many intermediaries (spirit beings called jinns) between God and man. Some are good and some are evil.
5. Each man’s deeds will determine if he goes to hell or heaven.

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM (WAY OF SALVATION

Repetition of the Shahadah (“There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet.”) several times a day
Prayers facing Mecca, 5 times a day. (Salat)
Almsgiving (Zakat)
A month of fasting (Ramadan)–daylight only (Sawn)
A pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime (Hajj)
Death in a Jihad (holy war) is the any exception to the five pillars of Islam.

COMPARING THE JESUS WITH MUHAMMAD

Plan of salvation
The God of the Bible reaches out to man.
Islam offers no hope of salvation, only guidelines for Allah’s favor. 20
Mohammed performed no miracles and made no future prophecies. Jesus did both.
Lifestyle
The last 10 years of Mohammed’s life were at war. Jesus was a man of peace.
Mohammed was a polygamist, exceeding the number (4) he prescribed for Muslims. Jesus taught against polygamy, adultery, and coveting another man’s wife.
He had at least 12 wives (some list as many as 16)
He had a personal harem of another six women.
Mohammed plundered caravans and Jewish settlements to build the treasury of Medina. Jesus’ life was so pure that even his enemies said, “I find no fault in him.”

SHARING YOUR FAITH WITH A MUSLIM

1. Be a friend.
2. Pray for your Muslim friend
3. Invite them to your home.
4. Be sensitive to their cultural values.
5. Understand their basic beliefs.
6. Listen and seek to understand.
7. Welcome open and honest discussion of your different religions.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

 Is Christianity a trans-cultural religion? In what way? What difference does it make if it is or not?

Q2:

Why would you assume that the Islamic faith is so anti-Semitic and anti-Christian?

Q3:

 What would be the best way to evangelize a “closed” Islamic country?

The Islamic Faith – Part 2

Series: Jesus Among Other Gods – City Church of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN  

Today we begin a study of what some may call “Comparative Religions.” However, it is our goal to not to just be academic, but also spiritual and developmental. Here is where we will go:
Session One: Introduction Mike Chapman
Session Two: The Baha’i Faith (1) Phyllis Horsman
Session Three: The Baha’i Faith (2) Phyllis Horsman
Session Four: The Buddhist Faith (1) Bryan Cook
Session Five: The Buddhist Faith (2) Bryan Cook
Session Six: The Hindu Faith (1) Jimmy Catlett
Session Seven: The Hindu Faith (2) Jimmy Catlett
Session Eight: The Islamic Faith (1) Mike Chapman
Session Nine: The Islamic Faith (2) Mike Chapman

ARE ALL RELIGIONS ESSENTIALLY THE SAME?

The answer is yes and no. All religions are similar in that the y seek to answer basic metaphysical questions. However, they are different in the answers that are proposed. The four fundamental questions of life:
The question of origin: WHERE DID I COME FROM?
The question of meaning: WHY AM I HERE?
The question of morality: HOW SHOULD I LIVE?
The question of destiny: WHERE AM I GOING?

MAN’S QUEST FOR THE HEALING OF “SOUL SORROW”

Soul sorrow is the common malady of the human race It is directly associated with the reality and fear of death. Three ingredients for the Cure of Soul Sorrow
1. Hope of personal immortality.
2. A rational view of the universe
3. An answer to the question, “What is truth?”

WHAT ABOUT PLURALISM AND ABSOLUTISM?

Pluralism is the view that there is no one truth. Truth is different for every person. Belief systems are constructed by cultural, serving the purposes of the society from which they emerge. Reality is created by the people. Tolerance is the highest virtue, and intolerance is the cardinal sin. A belief system is simply like a “spiritual cuisine.” Absolutism is the view that there is there is one truth. There is an overarching explanation of reality based on central organizing truths.” There is a big story that makes sense out of life, history and the universe.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

 At the core of the Christian faith is “The Gospel.” What is the Gospel?

Q2:

Would you describe Christianity as a religion of absolute truth or of relative truth? Why?

Q3:

 Is it possible to be both a believer in absolute truth and tolerant of other religious views at the same time?

It is directly associated with the reality and fear of death. 3
Jesus Among Other Gods
Bahá’i – Session One
Phyllis Horsman

HISTORICAL ROOTS OF BAHÁ’I

Bahá’i is an outgrowth of a religious movement known as Bábism. Bábism stemmed from the Twelver Shia’ite sect of Islam, which holds that the 12th of a series of great imams (spiritual teachers) vanished from sight but is still alive and will return to institute an era of justice and peace. Followers of Bahá’u’lláh are called Bahá’is.
v 1819: The Siyyad Ali-Muhhamad born in Shiraz, Iran—later proclaimed himself the Báb (the Gate)
v 1844: The Báb proclaimed himself the 12th Imam. His followers were known as Bábists.
v 1863: Following the Báb’s death in 1850, Bahá’u’lláh proclaimed himself the Promised One of whom the Báb prophesied.
v 1892: Bahá’u’lláh died in exile in Palestine, and his son Abdu’l-Bahá succeeded him.
v 1894: Bahá’i became a missionizing religion and had its first Western converts.
v 1974: 5-year missionary plan increased size by 40%
v 1990’s: 6,000,000 members in over 205 countries, its books in many languages. The headquarters of Bahá’i is currently in Haifa, Israel, near the graves of Bahá’u’lláh and the Báb. Its most important community is in Iran. National headquarters in the U. S. is near Chicago.

MAIN TENETS OF BAHÁ’I

v There is only one religion, the religion of God.
v All the great religions of the world are divine in origin.
v All Divine Religions (through their Nine Prophets) teach the same truth, which is not absolute, but relative.
v There is one God known by many names.
v Man is basically good and not a product of original sin.
v The doctrines of resurrection, judgment, Heaven and Hell should not be taken literally.
v Religion and science must agree, else one of them is wrong.
v Bahá’is stress world peace, unity of nations and language, education and sexual equality. 4

THE SACRED BOOKS OF BAHÁ’I

v The revelations of Bahá’u’lláh (over 100 books) supersede the sacred books of the major religions, yet these other religions’ books are revered as part of the progressively revealed truth of God.
v Bahá’u’lláh was greatly influenced by the Bible and quoted the New Testament extensively in his writings.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

Can one be both Christian and a Bahái? Why?

Q2:

 Is the God of the Bahá’i different from the God of the Christian? How?

Q3:

 Is the following statement from the Bible or a book of Bahá’i? Give a reason(s) for your answer.

“Bear thou witness that ve rily He is God and there is no God but Him, the King, the Protector; the Incomparable, the Omnipotent.” 5
Jesus Among Other Gods
Bahá’i – Session Two
Phyllis Horsman
God’s purpose in sending his Prophets is twofold. The first is to liberate the children of men from the darkness of ignorance and guide them to the light of true understanding. The second is to ensure the peace and tranquility of mankind.

GOD AND HUMANITY (WHO AM I?)

v Human beings are made in the image of God. The ability to reflect the attributes and spirit of God is the soul’s essential reality.
v Divine qualities are latent in the soul, just as the color, fragrance and vitality of a flower are latent within the seed.
v The immortal souls of ordinary people come into being at the moment of conception. The soul animates the body and distinguishes humans from animals.

THE PURPOSE OF LIFE (WHY AM I HERE?)

v The role of religion is to enable people to achieve a true understanding of their own nature and of God’s will and purpose for them.
v The cultivation of life’s spiritual side enables a person to develop those innate qualities that lie at the foundation of human happiness and social progress, including faith, courage, love, compassion, trustworthiness and humility. As these grow, society advances.
v Humans were created to carry forward an ever-advancing civilization, a unity of humankind.
v Life is an eternal process of joyous spiritual discovery and growth. The soul develops through the individual’s relationship with God and is fostered through prayer, meditation, worship, knowledge of the scriptures revealed by the Prophets, love for God, moral self-discipline and service to humanity. This is what gives meaning to life.

ON GOOD AND EVIL (IS THERE A CONFLICT?)

v There is no hierarchy of demons, angels and archangels; these terms are symbolic of varying stages of human development.
v Whatever promotes our spiritual development is good, and whatever hinders it is bad.

IMMORTALITY (WHERE AM I GOING?)

v After physical death, one’s everlasting soul lives on, embarking on a spiritual journey toward God through many “worlds” or planes of existence.
v Progress on this journey is likened to “heaven.” Failure to develop keeps one distant from God, this distance being “hell.” 6

QUESTIONS FOR DISCISSION

Q1:

How would you explain to a Bahá’i why Jesus is the only way to God?

Q2:

How would you describe the God of the Christian to a Bahá’i?

Q3:

How would you explain the problem of “sin” to a Bahá’i? 7

Jesus Among Other Gods
Buddhism Part 1
Bryan Cook

INTRODUCTION

Buddhism, founded in northeastern India and based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha, or enlightened one, currently is the world’s 4th largest religion boasting somewhere upwards of 315,000,000 believers worldwide. Of this number of believers ~ 313,000,000 are in Asia … and ~ 560,000 are in North America. This total number represents nearly 6% of the world’s population.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Ø 563 B.C. – Siddhartha Gautama born in India to a rich ruling father named Suddhodana and mother named Maya. He was born under the Kshatriya caste system. A seer gave a prophecy to his parents he would help mankind “find” salvation.
Ø 547 B.C. – At age 16, he married Yasodharma who bore Rahula, their son
Ø 534 B.C. – At 29, various sights of suffering –sickness, old age, death and poverty with bliss affect Siddharta. He renounces the throne to discover the reason for the suffering.
Ø 528 B.C. – After six years of searching through the teachings of Hinduism and then ascetism of the monks, he attained Nirvana after sitting under a Bohdi tree in the city of Bodh Gaya for an extended period of time (49 days???)
Ø 483 B.C. – Siddhartha dies at age 80 probably as a result of food poisoning. His last reported words were, “Be ye lamps unto yourselves. Betake yourselves to no external refuge. Hold fast as a refuge to truth. Look not for refuge to anyone besides yourselves. Behold now, brethren, I exhort you saying: Decay is inherent in all component things! Work out your
salvation with diligence.”

EARLY DEVELOPMENT

The death of Siddhartha resulted in no successive leader, as he would not appoint one. Over the next three centuries “Four Major Counsels” shaped the belief system and wrote the beliefs down at least 200-300 hundred years post his death. Out of this struggle, 18 substantially different sects originate with only one of the original 18 remaining today. Today, there are two
main branches of Buddhism: Theravada (the way of the elders) and Mahayana (the Great Vehicle). Although, these two branches share a common founder, the divide in beliefs is vast.

MAIN TENETS OF BUDDHISM

Four Noble Truths
1) Dukkha – Life is suffering.
2) Samudaya – All suffering is caused by ignorance of the nature of reality and the craving, attachment and grasping that result from such ignorance.
3) Nirodha – Suffering can be ended by overcoming ignorance and attachment.
4) Magga – the path leading to the cessation of dukkha – this occurs through the Noble Eightfold Path: right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and concentration. These eight are usually divided into three categories that form the cornerstone of the Buddhist faith: morality, wisdom and samadhi (concentration).
Anatman – denial of a permanent soul looking at human existence in five bundles (shandhas): the material, body, feelings, perceptions, predispositions or karmic tendencies and consciousness.
Kharma – consists of a person’s acts and their ethical consequences. Human actions lead to rebirth wherein good deeds are rewarded and evil deeds punished. Thus, there is no unwarranted pleasure or suffering, but rather a universal justice.
Nirvana – the ultimate goal … release from the round of phenomenal existence with it’s inherent suffering; in other words, an enlightened state in which the fires of greed, hatred and ignorance have been quenched.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

How does Buddhism answer the four qualifying questions consistent with all religions referenced in week #1?

Q2:

Compare the “last words” of Jesus Christ (Matt 28:18-20) to the “last words” of the Buddha – how do they differ? Who is the point of reliance?

Q3:

 Recognizing the tenets of Buddhism, how do you think most Buddhists would view Christianity and the tenets of the Christian faith? 9

Jesus Among Other Gods
Buddhism – Part 2
Bryan Cook

THERAVADA vs. MAHAYANA

How they view man Individual Not alone
(must help self) (others can help)
How they view God Atheistic Polytheistic
How they view Buddha saint Savior
(only one) (but there have been many manifestations)
How they view religion full time job (MONK!) relevant to life (for all)
What is the key virtue wisdom compassion
Striving to become Arhat Bodhisattva
Which scriptures Tripitaka – main ones Hundreds of books
Ritual is to … Avoid Embrace
Solution to life to cease all desire Awareness of Buddha in order to realize the nature within non-existence of self
Means to get there Self-reliance Self-reliance
Persuasion Conservative Liberal
BRANCHES OF MAHAYANA
Ø Pure Land Buddhism – largest sect in Japan
Ø Zen Buddhism – “meditation” driven
Ø Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism – 13th century – allows for some materialism – largest sect in the US (Tina Turner)
Ø Tantra Buddhism – may be truly defined as its own branch
Ø Folk Buddhism —

COMPARING & CONTRASTING 5 KEY ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIANITY AND BUDDHISM

1. Human Suffering
2. Soul
3. “Emptiness”
4. Salvation
5. God

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

After studying Buddhism, would you characterize it as an optimistic, pessimistic or realistic religion? Why?

Q2:

Is it possible to be a Buddhist Christian? A Christian Buddhist? Why or why not?

Q3:

 How would you share Jesus Christ with a Buddhist friend?

Jesus Among Other Gods
Hinduism—Part 1
Jimmy Catlett

Demographics

Ø ~800 million; 13% of the world; 88 countries; ~1-1.2 million in USA; 3rd most widely followed religion in the world.
Ø Only major religion of the world that can neither be traced to a specific founder nor has a holy book as the one and only scriptural authority.
Ø USA arguably more impacted by Hinduism in the last century than any other eastern religion:
Vedanta Society, ISKCON, Theosophy, the Divine Light Mission, Rajneeshism, Transcendental Meditation, New Age Movement.

“Historical” Background

Inception ~3000-1500 BC; 4 main stages:
1. Tribes in Indus Valley practiced animism.
2. Tribes conquered by armies from central Asia who introduced polytheistic Vedic religion; 5- level caste system.
3. Rebellion against the caste system. Development of the Upanishads; philosophical writings, which focused on one single principle to tie all reality together (karma, dharma, transmigration/reincarnation, samsara, moksha, Brahman).
4. Revival of Vedantic Literature. Old theology and new theology mixed.
Ø Formation of the Trimutri: 3 major gods take prominence over lesser deities:
· Brahma (creator)
· Vishnu (preserver); has the most followers; Sri Krishna (incarna ted Vishnu) has become the main deity of Hinduism.
· Shiva (destroyer)
Ø Bhagavad-Gita: Portion of larger work called Mahabharata. Most revered book in Hinduism.

Basic Beliefs

Hinduism encapsulated: Atman achieves Moksha by breaking free of Samsara, detaching from Maya, and uniting with Brahman.
Some unifying beliefs but no universally binding doctrines. One of most inclusive of all religions.

About God…

Brahman is Ultimate Reality; an impersonal force beyond distinction; undifferentiated, matterless, omnipresent, objective oneness; the Universal Soul; the All. Deities are physical manifestations of Brahman. All paths lead to Brahman.

About Life…

Life and individuality are illusion (Maya). There is a ‘beyond within’ the individual (Atman) that seeks union with Brahman.
Life is a hierarchy; time is a cycle (samsara). Actions determine position in the hierarchy (karma). Good karma is gained by adhering to yogas (disciplines, “ways”), categorized mainly as knowledge, works, and devotion. One’s karma, good or bad, is inevitable, inescapable,
unforgivable.

About Destiny…

The aim of life is enlightenment/deliverance from the illusionary/finite realm (moksha); Expansion of being and consciousness to the realization that atman is one with Brahman. Accomplished by passing ever higher through the hierarchy until one breaks through the wheel of life/death/reincarnation.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

Christianity is often described as monotheistic (only 1 God). How would you describe Hinduism?

Q2:

What does the Hindu think of time, specifically his/her time on Earth? What might the Hindu think of the urgency Christians ascribe to time?

Q3:

Develop as clearly as you can what would be the picture of “salvation” to the Hindu mind?

Q4:

Why might a Hindu try to ease a nother’s suffering? Why might he/she not?:

Homework
1. To enhance your perspective, study the Biblical timeline back to the beginnings of Hinduism. What is happening in Judeo-Christian history around this time?
2. In preparation for next week, ponder the differences, as well as the common ground you see in Hinduism and Christianity.
Glossary of Hinduism
Atman: the soul or self: innermost reality of a person.
Avatar: descent of a deity from heaven; one of the many incarnations of God.
Bhagavad Gita: most popular holy book; story of Krishna and the warrior, Arjuna.
Bhakti Marga: the path of devotion; attachment and devotion to a personal god.
Brahman: universal soul; ultimate divine; absolute reality comprehended objectively.
Caste: system of social classes in India; 5 major castes with many subdivisions.
Dharma: divine law governing the proper works of justice, righteousness, and morality for each person’s station in life.
Guru: a teacher of religion; a spiritual guide.
Jnana Marga: the path of knowledge; insight into the mysteries of life, intuitive awareness, gained by study of the ancient writings and inward meditation. 13
Karma: law of retributive justice; fruit of actions; the balancing between good and bad actions within an individual soul.
Karma Marga: the path of works; faithful adherence to dharma or duty in life.
Mantra: a sacred word or sound for meditation, representing one of Hindu’s many gods.
Maya: illusion of the physical world that must be overcome in order to reach Brahman.
Moksha: enlightenment; liberation from maya and samsara to unite with Brahman.
Reincarnation: Hindu belief of endless rebirth until one overcomes maya into moksha.
Samsara: wheel of life through cyclical reincarnation until the soul gains moksha.
Trimutri: 3- in-one God, represented as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
Upanishads: ancient philosophical and theological holy books that synthesized the Vedas.
Vedas: ancient holy writings of hymns and prayers; means wisdom or knowledge.
Yoga: discipline of mind, soul, and body used for transcending this world of illusion; means yolk or union. 14

Jesus Among Other Gods
Hinduism (2)
Jimmy Catlett

Jesus and Hinduism—the Common Ground

Ø All is not right with the world and with human existence in it.
Ø The ultimate remedy to the human dilemma is spiritual in nature.
Ø Mankind is imbued with an innate desire for immortality.
Ø Immortality involves liberation or release from the limitations that press upon his/her existence (e.g., illness, tiredness, ignorance, discouragement, old age and death).
Ø The great object of life is to find union with God.

Jesus and Hinduism—the Contrasts

The obvious ones…
1. Monotheistic vs. pantheistic.
2. One way vs. many ways.
3. Depravity vs. ignorance.
4. Grace vs. effort.
5. Linear time vs. cyclical time.

The not so obvious ones…
1. Public revelation vs. private mystical experience.
2. Will vs. consciousness.

Jesus and Hinduism—the Challenge Concern about Hinduism

Due to its eclectic nature, Hinduism has potential for uniting much of the non-Christian religious world. It easily meshes with:
Ø Modern natural science: emphasizes spiritual evolution.
Ø Modern psychology: emphasizes mankind’s essential divinity, consistent with basic goodness and unlimited potential of human nature.
Ø Modern philosophy: emphasizes broad tolerance of seemingly contradictory beliefs, consistent with the relativity of all truth claims.
Ø Spiritual seekers: emphasizes the primacy of spiritual over material reality, appealing to those disillusioned with strictly material pursuits.

Concern for the Hindu

1. Pray. Praying is fundamental. You cannot convert another. They are drawn by the Spirit.
2. Love. Acts o f inconvenient love not only commanded by God but curious to the Hindu.
3. Invest. First relate, then differentiate. Build a friendship before exploring deep differences. Read, ask questions, share, hang out. Then discuss the evidence.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

What should be the Christian’s position on trying to make the world a better place? What is the Hindu position? Explain your answers.

Q2:

Why are salvation and divine judgment foreign concepts to a pantheistic belief system like Hinduism? If pantheism is true, what follows?

Q3:

Say you’re ready to discuss the evidences of your respective beliefs with a Hindu friend. Where do you start and why?

Q4:

Bonus Question: Is it wrong for me to take a yoga class? Why or why not?

Glossary of Hinduism
Atman: the soul or self: innermost reality of a person.
Avatar: descent of a deity from heaven; one of the many incarnations of God.
Bhagavad Gita: most popular holy book; story of Krishna and the warrior, Arjuna.
Bhakti Marga: the path of devotion; attachment and devotion to a personal god.
Brahman: universal soul; ultimate divine; absolute reality comprehended objectively.
Caste: system of social classes in India; 5 major castes with many subdivisions.
Dharma: divine law governing the proper works of justice, righteousness, and morality for each person’s station in life.
Guru: a teacher of religion; a spiritual guide. 16
Jnana Marga: the path of knowledge; insight into the mysteries of life, intuitive awareness, gained by study of the ancient writings and inward meditation.
Karma: law of retributive justice; fruit of actions; the balancing between good and bad actions within an individual soul.
Karma Marga: the path of works; faithful adherence to dharma or duty in life.
Mantra: a sacred word or sound for meditation, representing one of Hindu’s many gods.
Maya: illusion of the physical world that must be overcome in order to reach Brahman.
Moksha: enlightenment; liberation from maya and samsara to unite with Brahman.
Reincarnation: Hindu belief of endless rebirth until one overcomes maya into moksha.
Samsara: wheel of life through cyclical reincarnation until the soul gains moksha.
Trimutri: 3- in-one God, represented as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
Upanishads: ancient philosophical and theological holy books that synthesized the Vedas.
Vedas: ancient holy writings of hymns and prayers; means wisdom or knowledge.
Yoga: discipline of mind, soul, and body used for transcending this world of illusion; means yolk or union. 17

Jesus Among Other Gods
Islam (Part 1)
Mike Chapman

Today we begin our look at the Islamic Faith. It is a religion that is shared by an estimated 750 million to 1 billion followers. It is geographically concentrated in an area that spans from the Atlantic across North Africa, the Middle East, Southern and Central Asia to the Pacific Ocean (the co-called “Ten Forty Window”).
The word Islam means “submission” and “Muslim” means “one who has surrendered.”

THE ORIGIN OF ISLAM

The Life of Muhammad (P.B.U.H)
Born in 570 AD in Mecca, Arabia (orphaned and raised by his uncle, Abu Talib) At 25, he married his employed (Khadijah), quit working and spent his time meditating and reflecting on life.
In 610 AD (40 years old), he began to receive frightening revelations accompanied by seizures. These revelations continued for 22 years until his death in 632 AD. Persecution caused him and his followers to flee to Medina in 622 AD (the official date of the founding of Islam as a religion). He and his followers fought their way back to Mecca in 630 AD.
Mohammed dies in 632 AD
Three Primary Sects of Islam Today
Sunnis make up about 90% of all Muslims
Shi ites make up about 10% of the Muslim faith.
Sufis are a very small minority who tend to be independent, mystical Muslims.
America’s Nation of Islam is a strange mixture of Islam and political activism that cannot be considered a pure Islamic religion.

SOURCE OF ISLAMIC TEACHING

The Koran (Quran) means “recitations” of Mohammed’s visions. It consists of 114 chapters.
The Hadith is a collection of early Muslim traditions which record the words and deeds of Mohammed according to his wives, friends and Muslim leaders. 18
Islam accepts Genesis 1-16 as divine revelation, but focus on the line of Ishmael not Isaac.

THE FIVE DOCTRINES OF ISLAM

1. Allah is the one true God.
Connection with the Moon God of pre-Muslim Arabia He is all-powerful but unknowable, unfeeling. He never comes personally to any human. He hates sinners.
2. Allah has many prophets, including Moses and Jesus, but Mohammed is the last and the greatest.
3. The Koran is the supreme religious book.
4. There are many intermediaries (spirit beings called jinns) between God and man. Some are good and some are evil.
5. Each man’s deeds will determine if he goes to hell or heaven.
Heaven is a place of sensual gratification for men.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

 How does the Bible differ from the Koran in its origin and what difference does this make?

Q2:

Contrast the Christian view of eternal life with the Islamic view of heaven.

Q3:

Why is there a problem with saying that Moses, Jesus and Mohammed are all prophets of God.
19

Jesus Among Other Gods
Islam (Part 2)
Mike Chapman
We will continue our look at Islam. In this session, we will look at a comparison between the life of Jesus and the life of Mohammed. We will also look at the Islamic way of salvation and the Christian way of salvation.

Review of last session
Islam means “submission.”
Koran is the recorded “recitations” of Mohammed’s visions. The official date of the fo unding of Islam is 622 AD. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was born in 570 AD and dies in 632 AD

Five Doctrines of Islam:

1. Allah is the one true God.
2. Allah has many prophets, including Moses and Jesus, but Mohammed is the last and the greatest.
3. The Koran is the supreme religious book.
4. There are many intermediaries (spirit beings called jinns) between God and man. Some are good and some are evil.
5. Each man’s deeds will determine if he goes to hell or heaven.

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM (WAY OF SALVATION

Repetition of the Shahadah (“There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet.”) several times a day
Prayers facing Mecca, 5 times a day. (Salat)
Almsgiving (Zakat)
A month of fasting (Ramadan)–daylight only (Sawn)
A pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime (Hajj)
Death in a Jihad (holy war) is the any exception to the five pillars of Islam.

COMPARING THE JESUS WITH MUHAMMAD

Plan of salvation
The God of the Bible reaches out to man.
Islam offers no hope of salvation, only guidelines for Allah’s favor. 20
Mohammed performed no miracles and made no future prophecies. Jesus did both.
Lifestyle
The last 10 years of Mohammed’s life were at war. Jesus was a man of peace.
Mohammed was a polygamist, exceeding the number (4) he prescribed for Muslims. Jesus taught against polygamy, adultery, and coveting another man’s wife.
He had at least 12 wives (some list as many as 16)
He had a personal harem of another six women.
Mohammed plundered caravans and Jewish settlements to build the treasury of Medina. Jesus’ life was so pure that even his enemies said, “I find no fault in him.”

SHARING YOUR FAITH WITH A MUSLIM

1. Be a friend.
2. Pray for your Muslim friend
3. Invite them to your home.
4. Be sensitive to their cultural values.
5. Understand their basic beliefs.
6. Listen and seek to understand.
7. Welcome open and honest discussion of your different religions.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Q1:

 Is Christianity a trans-cultural religion? In what way? What difference does it make if it is or not?

Q2:

Why would you assume that the Islamic faith is so anti-Semitic and anti-Christian?

Q3:

 What would be the best way to evangelize a “closed” Islamic country?

The Last Acts of Jesus – Message 4

Series: The Cross of Jesus – City Church of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 

Today, we come to the final moments of Jesus on the cross. This last moment is filled with poignant truth.
John 19:28-30, Later, knowing that all was now completed and so that the Scripture would be fulfilled, Jesus said, ‘I am thirsty.’ A jar of wine vinegar was there, so they soaked a sponge in it, put the sponge on a stalk of hyssop plant, and lifted it to Jesus’ lips. When he had received the drink, ‘It is finished.’ With that, he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. (NIV)

HIS MESSAGE TO THE STRUGGLER

“You can come to me.”
Earlier Jesus had turned down an offer of a drink—wine and myrrh (Mark 15:22-24).
Jesus refused to be numbed to the pain.
Jesus knew you would be weary, disturbed, and angry.
He knew you’d be sleepy, and hungry. He knew you would face pain. He wanted you to know that he understands.
Hebrews 4:15-16, Jesus understands every weakness of ours, because he was tempted in every way that we are. But he did not sin! So whenever we are in need, we should come bravely before the throne of our merciful God. There we will be treated with undeserved kindness, and we will find help. (CEV)
James 1:5, He gives generously to all without finding fault. (NIV)

HIS MESSAGE TO THE DOUBTER

“You can believe in me.”
Jesus was concerned about the fulfillment of Scripture. He knew we would doubt….”Can I really believe he is who he claims to be?” He did not want the logic of our head to keep his love from our heart. There is a reoccurring reference to the Scriptures The betrayal by Judas was to fulfill the Scripture. (Jn. 13:18)
The gamble for his clothing fulfilled the Scripture. (Jn. 19:24)
His legs were not broken to fulfill Scripture. (Jn. 19:37)
His resurrection was a fulfillment of the Scriptures.
(Jn. 29:9) Mathematician, Dr. Peter Stoner, determined that the possibility of only 48 or the 332 Old Testament prophecies being fulfilled by one man is 1 in 10157! You don’t have to check your brain at the door in order to come into a relationship with Jesus.

HIS MESSAGE FOR THE SINNER

“You can trust me.”
In the Old Testament, hyssop symbolized atonement and mercy (Exodus 12:22Psalm 51:7). “It is finished” is the same Greek word translated…
made an end of” (Matthew 11:1)
paid” (Matthew 17:34)
performed” (Luke 2:39)
accomplished” (Luke 18:31)
Nothing remains to be offered but the confession of sinners.