INTRODUCTION

Christian leaders today are facing times of enormous changes; changes that test our maturity, our strength, and test our character.  Developing our leadership abilities and fully becoming the best person we can requires hard work, discipline, and training.  It is essential that we grow through the various stages of life.  All too often, we see in adults a decrease or disappearance of efforts to grow and learn.  We either become content with the status quo or disillusioned with the lack of rewards gained through growth and learning.  It seems that only outward results or achievements get rewarded today.  We then become convinced that it is more pure chance that counts in life than persistence or consistency.

God calls for us to live with a sense of purpose and an eternal perspective.  We cannot control the changing times, but we can control how we respond to them.  We must not look back at unrewarded efforts or at the setbacks of life.  We must keep pushing forward to a positive future.  The devil would love to convince us that study, learning, prayer, and persistence does not pay off.  Our efforts today will affect our future.  Our key to success is within our reach as we put God first, stay in touch with Him, and strive to develop in every way.

In this study of leadership development, we will look first at a definition of leadership in the work of God; secondly, deficiencies in leaders; thirdly, difficulties of leadership in the church; and fourthly, disciplines necessary for leadership.

1) DEFINITION OF LEADERSHIP

These are changing and challenging times for ministry, a time when leadership development is vital, both for clergy and laity.  The key to our success is in our ability to lead others successfully.  Leadership must be developed, for no church achieves excellence without mature, capable leadership.

Leadership is influence.  It is the ability to motivate others to trust you and to follow you.  Anyone who influences the lives of other church members on the decision-making process may be thought of as a leader.  Sometimes informal leaders are very powerful people in churches.  Power is associated with perceived reputation, but a person may accumulate power by even questionable means.

In the work of God, we are concerned about genuine spiritual leadership—a leadership that depends upon integrity.  The foundational truth is that spiritual leaders “must be above reproach.”  Therefore, the essential characteristic for effective spiritual leadership is integrity.  Integrity involves soundness of moral principle and character, uprightness and honesty.

In an extensive research project conducted by the Association of Theological Schools, it was identified that the two greatest characteristics for effective leadership in the church were:  (1) personal integrity and (2) a Christian example that people can respect.

A church lay leader must be spiritually authentic and alive, in touch with God and disciplined in personal habits of devotion (1Timothy 4:7, 8, 12, 15).  Emotional and spiritual stability are prerequisites to effective leadership.  Maturity is necessary in all leaders, regardless of age.  Without maturity, a leader cannot handle criticism, manage priorities, be disciplined, behave appropriately, or exercise wisdom.

Scripture requires leaders to have tender hearts with compassion for people.  A lack of compassion for people disqualifies a person from spiritual leadership.  We are to be as Christ, servant-leaders!  Paul counseled, “Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit, but in humility consider others better than yourselves.  Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others” (Philippians 2:3, 4).

The irreducible minimum for effective leadership in the church is personal and spiritual integrity!

2) DEFICIENCIES IN LEADERSHIP

The crisis of leadership deficiency may well be the most pervasive and pernicious problem facing the contemporary Christian church.  There are many indications that churches suffer from inadequate spiritual leadership.  The following five symptoms suggest deficient leadership in many churches, as outlined by James E. Means in his book Leadership in Christian Ministry.

A) Absence of Growth

Many churches exist decade after decade but never seem to have a real impact on their communities.  Poor leadership is one of the causes of stagnation in local churches and in movements.

We must not place excessive value on church size.  Some leaders can cite great numerical growth but are really failing in some very crucial dimensions of ministry and personal spirituality.  We do need to be careful how we view success in the ministry.  Our greatest emphasis should be on faithfulness. However, if we are faithful over a period of time we should expect to see growth, progress, souls saved, and a variety of ministry activities being carried out by lay leaders.

No church ever becomes dynamic in ministry without adequate leadership, both clergy and laity.  Capable leaders infuse vision, motivation, direction, teaching, care, nurture, and inspiration.  Absence of such leadership makes it extraordinarily difficult to see any progress.

B) Discord

We have seen how people in churches can quibble, quarrel, and divide.  This discord can become so destructive that a congregation may have a great schism and divide.

There will always be unhappy, dysfunctional people in churches whose behavior promotes discord.  This causes all leaders to spend a great disproportionate amount of time in conflict management.  One of the primary tasks of leaders is to promote a spirit of cohesiveness and fellowship throughout the church.  Internal discord or dissensions often make churches the target of sneers and shaming from outsiders.

Churches are torn by pettiness, immaturity, and carnality.  They are crippled by interpersonal tensions and power struggles.  All church leaders, clergy and laity, must stand strong and follow a strategy and lifestyle that promotes unity and cohesiveness.

C) Brief Pastorates and Burnout

The average length of a pastoral tenure in the United States is less than three years.  The brief tenure of the average pastor is a problem for everyone involved and can reflect deficiencies on the part of pastors and/or laity.

Sometimes a brief pastorate is God’s plan for the church and the minister. However, some pastors behave inappropriately, use poor judgment, lose touch with God and/or the people and bring trouble upon themselves.  They may be offensive in the pulpit, err in church business meetings, become too aggressive, use unwise tactics, or fail in one-on-one relationships.

Whatever the reasons are, pastoral resignations and firings are on the increase.  In some denominations in the United States, as many as 10% of their pastors are fired or forced to leave each year.

Pastors are often bruised, battered, and disillusioned with ministry in the local church.  Even though their personal faith in Christ and in their ministry calling remains strong, they seriously doubt the worthiness of pastoral ministry.

A fact of pastoral ministry and lay ministry is burnout.  Denominational leaders who deny the reality of burnout probably have not pastored in a long time.  Most burned-out pastors stay in the ministry and move from church to church in an apparent hope of finding a church where they can feel fulfilled and believe that they are making a difference.  The time has come that we must do something to alleviate leadership ineffectiveness, burnout, and drop out which is decimating the church.

Every minister (laity and clergy) must make personal development and ministry enrichment a high priority.  If we do not, we will be neither versatile nor flexible enough to make the changes that the times demand.  There are many signs of the entropy or impotence we see today bringing deterioration to the church. 

Some of those signs are as follows:

  • Men and women who have lost a sense of divine call to leadership ministry.
  • A tendency toward superficiality.
  • A lack of training of lay leaders designed to enable and release them for ministry.
  • A “dark tension” among key people.
  • Problem-makers outnumbering problem-solvers.
  • Leaders who are pessimistic about the prospect of change and growth.
  • An obsession with numerical and statistical success.
  • A lack of purpose and vision.
  • Leaders who will only play it safe, protecting their power base
  • A focus on an administrative leadership to the neglecting of a spiritual leadership.
  • A trend away from women involved in ministry.
  • A rise in racial tension and abuse.
  • A constant decline in the membership of Christian denominations.
  • A rejection of the church by young people.
  • A lack of clearly emerging leaders who have the respect of vast numbers of Christians.
  • A rejection of Christian values by the media and society in general.

We are facing times of great transformational shifts.  These are shifts that could shatter some of the old ideas and structures.  We need transformational leaders who will be rocks of stability and spiritual vision.  We need leaders full of youthful zest and passion but without youthful disorder.  We need leaders who possess wisdom and maturity without becoming rigid and stuck in tradition.

D) Spectator Religion

One of our major concerns is the dismal reality of the trend toward spectator religion.  One of the most disconcerting realities in the church today is that we have so many Christians who are spiritually dysfunctional and uninvolved.

Some people become vagabonds, drifting from church to church.  Often they drop out of local church attendance completely and become enamored with the TV (media) church.  Others gravitate to the pews of large churches where they are entertained by religious performers.  Thus, many of these professing Christians become mere attendants in a contemporary brand of pseudo-Christianity.

Leaders must find ways to rekindle the spiritual vitality of this enormous resource of people.  One of the keys is the development of lay leaders who will be activated for ministry and who will model ministry before the onlookers.

E) Non-ministering Churches

Holy Spirit empowered ministry is functionally crippled or non-existent in many churches.  Ineffective, dying churches can be found everywhere.  These churches are spiritually stagnant in spite of nice buildings and lawns.  Even some churches with large crowds and an array of feverish activity have little sign of spiritual life and ministry.

There is a lack of discipleship ministry in most churches.  Evangelistic outreach to the community on the part of an anointed laity is almost a thing of the past.  Real ministry in a local church ought to consist of feeding the hungry, caring for the sick and elderly, strengthening the weak, equipping the saints, visiting the prisoners, reaching the children and the like!

Churches are not ministering more because laity are not being trained, developed, or motivated.  Worship is not really meaningful in many churches because a passion and hunger for a touch from God has been lost.  When a church is weak and has lost a sense of purpose and divine touch, the leadership (clergy and laity) must accept responsibility.

Leadership influences people and shapes movements!  The results of local church ministry depend upon the quality of the leaders and upon the appropriateness of their conduct.  Our lack of vibrant ministering churches reveals our need for better leadership in local churches.

Christianity is craving genuine, compelling leadership.  Warren Bennis told at a leadership conference in North Carolina in 1987, “Instead of leaders, we have celebrities, stars, heroes.”  When are we going to realize the kind of leadership we need in the church?  We have seen some heroes fall, some churches die, and our moral fiber ruined.

Sometimes clergy take too much blame for church problems and failures and too much credit for church successes.  True spiritual success requires leaders who are in touch with God and who are committed to develop lay leadership.

May it never again be said that “the Church of God is a preacher’s church.”  The clergy is not the ruling class and laity the inferior class.  We are all ministers and in need of developing our gifts and learning to fulfill our callings.

3) DIFFICULTIES OF LEADERSHIP

Leaders are often tempted to think that to be effective or influential they must be aggressive or dominating.  Effectiveness in ministry is determined more by the demonstration of empathy, credibility, and competence than by aggressive leadership behavior.  A quiet submissiveness at times can build a perception of being trustworthy and wise.

Developing the leader within you is difficult and requires the following:

A) Flexibility in Style

Leadership behavior varies from laissez-faire (submissive) to autocratic (aggressive).  Some leaders are effective with considerable aggressiveness; others are equally effective with considerable submissiveness.  Autocratic leaders appear to feel superior, to lack confidence in others, to be controlling, to be unyielding to the opinions of others, and sometimes to use manipulative tactics to gain power over followers.

Submissive or participatory leaders tend to trust the opinions and decisions of others.  They refuse to dominate or control and they encourage dissent and debate.  They believe in the importance of group decisions in order to implement progress.  Submissive leaders must be careful not to appear weak or timid but know when and how to project strength.

Good leaders are always flexible, adjusting to situations.  The continual use of authoritarian methods is inconsistent with Scriptural guidelines for spiritual servant-leadership.  Leaders, to be effective, must learn how to achieve a consensus, especially on sensitive policy-making matters.

B) Balance Between Authority and Submission

Leaders must never use power in a way that abuses their privilege.  Each Christian must live under the discipline of Scriptural authority.  Leaders must be careful to act within the guidelines of Scripture and respect the priesthood of all believers.  Leaders are respected when they do not abuse their power or position.

Never are church leaders to think of their status as lordship, but as servanthood.  Note the following about true spiritual leaders:

  • Spiritual leaders do not dominate, they serve.
  • Spiritual leaders do not command, they guide.
  • Spiritual leaders do not manipulate, they teach.
  • Spiritual leaders are not lords, they are models and ministers.

Whenever these truths are ignored, church leaders become dictators, overbearing and ugly. The love of preeminence, greatness, and authority is the antithesis of Biblical leadership.  Leaders must remind themselves that they are servants of the church; their power is the power of example, teacher, and servant.

The real power of leaders is the Word of God spoken through them and exemplified in them!

C) Appropriate Leadership Power

The only kind of power that is moral in a spiritual setting is the power of personal spiritual authenticity.  Spiritual authenticity is the validity of the Word of God and the Holy Spirit demonstrated in the lives of leaders.  The leader influences others not by the power of personality or by persuasive tricks, but by a life irradiated and empowered by the Holy Spirit.

Church leaders should not be selected and entrusted with authority merely because of their expertise or skills as evaluated by secular standards; however, this is often done.

Service and spiritual authenticity must be the basic criteria for leadership.  Therefore, we must have and always use programs of supervision and mentoring as required prerequisites for leadership.

D) The Test of Leadership Effectiveness

A spiritual leader must not be judged by the materialistic standards or criteria of the world.  We must never forget the basic task of spiritual leadership is the development of relationships with people that will enable them to achieve the purposes and goals of God (Ephesians 4:14-16).

Spiritual leaders help followers identify the mission of the church and to believe that they have a vital part and must perform their role.  Effective leaders instill a sense of identity and direction in their followers.  Effective spiritual leadership must have a passion for evangelism and discipleship.

Let’s look at some additional examples of effective leaders.

  1. They never rest till others share their passion for souls.
  2. They are impatient with bureaucracy and go straight to matters of real ministry.
  3. They initiate programs that will produce gifted, mature, ministering saints.
  4. They change or eliminate non-productive programs.
  5. They train people rather than doing the work themselves.
  6. Their management style is that of a gentle, affectionate father.
  7. They do not set goals for the church but they help the church set its own goals so that the church will grow in the process, own its goals, see them as worthwhile, and be motivated to achieve them.
  8. They do not make plans for the church, but they involve many people in planning.
  9. Pastors must do the necessary administrative tasks, and they must do it so well that they will have time for their primary tasks of prayer, preaching-teaching, discipling, and shepherding.
  10. They must be extremely sensitive to the Holy Spirit and demonstrate loving service to the body.
E) Non-ministering Churches

Holy Spirit empowered ministry is functionally crippled or non-existent in many churches.  Ineffective, dying churches can be found everywhere.  These churches are spiritually stagnant in spite of nice buildings and lawns.  Even some churches with large crowds and an array of feverish activity have little sign of spiritual life and ministry.

There is a lack of discipleship ministry in most churches.  Evangelistic outreach to the community on the part of an anointed laity is almost a thing of the past.  Real ministry in a local church ought to consist of feeding the hungry, caring for the sick and elderly, strengthening the weak, equipping the saints, visiting the prisoners, reaching the children and the like!

Churches are not ministering more because laity are not being trained, developed, or motivated.  Worship is not really meaningful in many churches because a passion and hunger for a touch from God has been lost.  When a church is weak and has lost a sense of purpose and divine touch, the leadership (clergy and laity) must accept responsibility.

Leadership influences people and shapes movements!  The results of local church ministry depend upon the quality of the leaders and upon the appropriateness of their conduct.  Our lack of vibrant ministering churches reveals our need for better leadership in local churches.

Christianity is craving genuine, compelling leadership.  Warren Bennis told at a leadership conference in North Carolina in 1987, “Instead of leaders, we have celebrities, stars, heroes.”  When are we going to realize the kind of leadership we need in the church?  We have seen some heroes fall, some churches die, and our moral fiber ruined.

Sometimes clergy take too much blame for church problems and failures and too much credit for church successes.  True spiritual success requires leaders who are in touch with God and who are committed to develop lay leadership.

May it never again be said that “the Church of God is a preacher’s church.”  The clergy is not the ruling class and laity the inferior class.  We are all ministers and in need of developing our gifts and learning to fulfill our callings.

4) DISCIPLINES NECESSARY FOR LEADERSHIP

All great leaders seem to have understood that their number one responsibility was for their own discipline and personal growth.  If they could not lead themselves, they could not lead others.

Many people have been identified as up-and-coming leaders with great promise.  Yet many have stopped short of victory and found out that shortcuts don’t pay off and that without discipline there is no success.

We often become our chief obstacle to leadership development.  As one person said, “I am my own worst problem.”

Following are some of the major disciplines necessary for the development of effective spiritual leadership:

  1. Set your priorities.  Study the Pareto Principle (20/80) described by John Maxwell in his book Developing the Leader Within You.
  2. Get organized with a time management system so you can prioritize your assignments, keep up your calendar, and manage your interactions with people.
  3. Learn to keep the most important tasks as priorities—such as prayer, study, rest, and family activities.
  4. Practice integrity.  Always do what is right.  Spiritual leaders not only do things right, they do the right thing!
  5. Focus on your responsibilities to God and people, not on your rights and privileges.
  6. At all times, practice what you preach/teach.
  7. Always be open to change and growth.
  8. Refuse to become a negative thinker.
  9. Determine to learn how to handle criticism and still believe in yourself and in the future.
  10. Become an innovator and facilitator of change.
  11. Live by Biblical principles, they never change.
  12. Be a problem-solver.
  13. Evaluate your perspective.
  14. Always take the high road.
  15. Don’t let problems become emergencies.
  16. Make sure your attitude is right.
  17. Remember that our purpose is more important than our position.
  18. Life is 10% what happens to you and 90% how you react to it.
  19. Value people as your greatest asset.
  20. Motivate people for God but never manipulate people.
  21. Make yourself work at being a good listener.
  22. Be a model that others should follow.
  23. Look for opportunities to build up people.
  24. Get organized and develop systems that work for you.
  25. Take responsibility for yourself and stop making excuses and blaming others.

Effective leaders must learn how to develop a team of people who will be excited about being a part of their team for the glory of God.  Stay committed to the group process of decision-making.  Spiritual leaders keep people on the right track, when possible, but do not make decisions for them.

Develop within yourself the wisdom, maturity, and spirituality to be able to give insight, suggestions, support, and sometimes advice to help the responsible parties make good decisions. In developing ourselves, we try to “find out what pleases the Lord” (Ephesians 5:10) and do it; however, we must be careful about telling other people what God’s will is for them.

Many churches suffer tragically because leaders are not willing to undertake the laborious, time-consuming task of achieving consensus.  Good decisions evolve over time, through discussion and, often, through intense debate.  Excellent leaders work patiently toward consensus.  A consensus on a decision is the one that comes as close as possible to meeting the needs of everyone.  Most people do not insist on having their way but they do insist on being heard and respected.

As developing leaders, let us always be able and willing to compromise, admit error, change our opinions, and achieve a God-pleasing consensus.  Good leaders work and wait for consensus on sensitive issues, even if the debate continues through many meetings.  Spiritual servant-leaders are not gratified by a slim plurality of votes or a simple majority vote on important issues of polity.

Whenever possible, we should work patiently for an acceptable compromise so that consensus might be achieved.

CONCLUSION

Spiritual leaders must constantly be reminded that to fail in relationships and to alienate people is to fail in that which is vital to continuing ministry with those people.  To fail in relationships negates even the most spectacular of gifts and abilities.  Relationships precede ministry; ministry necessitates relationships; and failed relationships destroy ministry.

A warm, loving relationship between spiritual leaders and their followers is essential, not optional (1 Corinthians 13:1-3).  We must earn the love and respect of people, the right to be heard, and the right to lead.